{"doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001894","title":"Assessing antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella enterica in the pork production system","abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Introduction.</jats:bold>\n                  <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica</jats:italic> is a significant enteric pathogen affecting human and livestock health. Pork production is a common source of <jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic> contamination, with emerging multidrug resistance (MDR) posing a global health threat.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Gap statement.</jats:bold>\n                  <jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic> contamination and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles in the pig production chain are underreported.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Aim.</jats:bold> To investigate the prevalence of <jats:italic>S. enterica</jats:italic> in the pig production chain and characterise their AMR profiles.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methodology.</jats:bold> We collected 485 samples from pig farms, a standard pig abattoir and retail markets in Patthalung and Songkhla provinces in southern Thailand. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on these samples, and AMR profiles were determined.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.</jats:bold>\n                  <jats:italic>S. enterica</jats:italic> was detected in 68.67% of farm samples, 45.95% of abattoir samples and 50.67% of retail market samples. Analysis of 264 isolates, representing 18 serotypes, identified <jats:italic>S. enterica</jats:italic> serotype Rissen as the most prevalent. The predominant resistance phenotypes included ampicillin (AMP, 91.29%), tetracycline (TET, 88.26%) and streptomycin (STR, 84.47%). Over 80% of isolates showed resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes, indicating MDR. The AMP–STR–TET resistance pattern was found in nearly 70% of all MDR isolates across the production chain.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusions.</jats:bold> The high prevalence of MDR is consistent with extensive antimicrobial use in the livestock sector. The presence of extensively resistant <jats:italic>S. enterica</jats:italic> highlights the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship. Strengthening preventive strategies and control measures is crucial to mitigate the risk of MDR <jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic> spreading from farm to fork.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Medical Microbiology","year":2024,"id":687716,"datarank":0.3453877639491069,"base_score":2.302585092994046,"endowment":2.302585092994046,"self_citation_contribution":0.3453877639491069,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3453877639491069,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1796604,"name":"Sakaoporn Prachantasena","orcid":"0000-0003-4270-050X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1796605,"name":"Phakawat Tantitaveewattana","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1796606,"name":"Podjanakorn Chuaythammakit","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":478946,"name":"Ben Pascoe","orcid":"0000-0001-6376-5121","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":958672,"name":"Prapas Patchanee","orcid":"0000-0001-7690-0046","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1796603,"name":"Teerarat Prasertsee","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-4287","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Assessing antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella enterica in the pork production system","abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Introduction.</jats:bold>\n                  <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica</jats:italic> is a significant enteric pathogen affecting human and livestock health. Pork production is a common source of <jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic> contamination, with emerging multidrug resistance (MDR) posing a global health threat.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Gap statement.</jats:bold>\n                  <jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic> contamination and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles in the pig production chain are underreported.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Aim.</jats:bold> To investigate the prevalence of <jats:italic>S. enterica</jats:italic> in the pig production chain and characterise their AMR profiles.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methodology.</jats:bold> We collected 485 samples from pig farms, a standard pig abattoir and retail markets in Patthalung and Songkhla provinces in southern Thailand. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on these samples, and AMR profiles were determined.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.</jats:bold>\n                  <jats:italic>S. enterica</jats:italic> was detected in 68.67% of farm samples, 45.95% of abattoir samples and 50.67% of retail market samples. Analysis of 264 isolates, representing 18 serotypes, identified <jats:italic>S. enterica</jats:italic> serotype Rissen as the most prevalent. The predominant resistance phenotypes included ampicillin (AMP, 91.29%), tetracycline (TET, 88.26%) and streptomycin (STR, 84.47%). Over 80% of isolates showed resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes, indicating MDR. The AMP–STR–TET resistance pattern was found in nearly 70% of all MDR isolates across the production chain.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusions.</jats:bold> The high prevalence of MDR is consistent with extensive antimicrobial use in the livestock sector. The presence of extensively resistant <jats:italic>S. enterica</jats:italic> highlights the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship. Strengthening preventive strategies and control measures is crucial to mitigate the risk of MDR <jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic> spreading from farm to fork.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.302585092994046,"endowment":2.302585092994046,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"39320348","pmcid":"PMC11423857","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4402843654","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Medical Research Council","grant_id":"MR/V001213/2","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":2.2114,"citation_percentile":0.86509912,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2025,"count":4},{"year":2026,"count":5}],"oa_status":"hybrid","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001894","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001894","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001894?crawler=true&mimetype=application/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39320348","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11423857","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11423857/","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11423857/pdf/jmm-73-01894.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11423857","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11423857?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology","Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","Animals","Salmonella enterica","Swine","Thailand","Anti-Bacterial Agents","Microbial Sensitivity Tests","Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial","Salmonella Infections, Animal","Abattoirs","Prevalence","Swine Diseases","Farms","Food Microbiology"],"mesh_terms":["Abattoirs","Farms","Animals","Anti-Bacterial Agents","Food Microbiology","Microbial Sensitivity Tests","Salmonella Infections, Animal","Swine","Swine Diseases","Thailand","Prevalence","Salmonella enterica","Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial"],"keywords":["Salmonella enterica","Salmonella","Antibiotic resistance","Multiple drug resistance","Biology","Serotype","Antimicrobial","Tetracycline","Ampicillin","Livestock","Veterinary medicine","Microbiology","Drug resistance","Antibiotics","Medicine","Bacteria","Prevalence","multidrug resistance (MDR)","Pig Production","Antimicrobial Resistance (Amr)"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"doi"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-18T22:32:50.884434Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}