{"doi":"10.1099/jgv.0.001881","title":"Continued adaptation of A/H2N2 viruses during pandemic circulation in humans","abstract":"Influenza A viruses of the H2N2 subtype sparked a pandemic in 1957 and circulated in humans until 1968. Because A/H2N2 viruses still circulate in wild birds worldwide and human population immunity is low, the transmissibility of six avian A/H2N2 viruses was investigated in the ferret model. None of the avian A/H2N2 viruses was transmitted between ferrets, suggesting that their pandemic risk may be low. The transmissibility, receptor binding preference and haemagglutinin (HA) stability of human A/H2N2 viruses were also investigated. Human A/H2N2 viruses from 1957 and 1958 bound to human-type α2,6-linked sialic acid receptors, but the 1958 virus had a more stable HA, indicating adaptation to replication and spread in the new host. This increased stability was caused by a previously unknown stability substitution G205S in the 1958 H2N2 HA, which became fixed in A/H2N2 viruses after 1958. Although individual substitutions were identified that affected the HA receptor binding and stability properties, they were not found to have a substantial effect on transmissibility of A/H2N2 viruses via the air in the ferret model. Our data demonstrate that A/H2N2 viruses continued to adapt during the first year of pandemic circulation in humans, similar to what was previously shown for the A/H1N1pdm09 virus.","journal":"Journal of General Virology","year":2023,"id":371571,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9502,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":233410,"name":"Martin Linster","orcid":"0000-0003-2636-2512","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227372,"name":"Dennis de Meulder","orcid":"0000-0002-3631-4189","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":130424,"name":"Theo M. Bestebroer","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":234261,"name":"Pascal Lexmond","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":354290,"name":"Miruna E. Rosu","orcid":"0000-0003-3469-7822","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227370,"name":"Mathilde Richard","orcid":"0000-0003-0240-9312","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":472820,"name":"Robert P. de Vries","orcid":"0000-0002-1586-4464","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227375,"name":"Ron A. M. Fouchier","orcid":"0000-0001-8095-2869","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":218422,"name":"Sander Herfst","orcid":"0000-0001-9866-8903","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":554336,"name":"Jasmin S. Kutter","orcid":"0000-0002-9934-6858","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":37,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:15:49.453761Z","pmid":"37650875","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}