{"doi":"10.1098/rstb.2012.0369","title":"CTCF: the protein, the binding partners, the binding sites and their chromatin loops","abstract":"<jats:p>CTCF has it all. The transcription factor binds to tens of thousands of genomic sites, some tissue-specific, others ultra-conserved. It can act as a transcriptional activator, repressor and insulator, and it can pause transcription. CTCF binds at chromatin domain boundaries, at enhancers and gene promoters, and inside gene bodies. It can attract many other transcription factors to chromatin, including tissue-specific transcriptional activators, repressors, cohesin and RNA polymerase II, and it forms chromatin loops. Yet, or perhaps therefore, CTCF's exact function at a given genomic site is unpredictable. It appears to be determined by the associated transcription factors, by the location of the binding site relative to the transcriptional start site of a gene, and by the site's engagement in chromatin loops with other CTCF-binding sites, enhancers or gene promoters. Here, we will discuss genome-wide features of CTCF binding events, as well as locus-specific functions of this remarkable transcription factor.</jats:p>","journal":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological 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Accessibility","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2012.0369","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2012.0369","host_type":"BRONZE"},{"url":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2012.0369","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rstb.2012.0369","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0369","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23650640","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pure.knaw.nl/portal/en/publications/99ef6e88-bd2e-48eb-af4d-864cf0f79829","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3682731","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11755/99ef6e88-bd2e-48eb-af4d-864cf0f79829","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0369","host_type":""},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0369","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics","Epigenetics and DNA Methylation","Cancer-related gene regulation","Biology","Medicine","0301 basic medicine","0303 health sciences","03 medical and health sciences","Animals","Binding Sites","CCCTC-Binding Factor","Cell Cycle Proteins","Chromatin","Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone","Enhancer Elements, Genetic","Genetic Loci","Humans","Insulin-Like Growth Factor II","Promoter Regions, Genetic","Protein Binding","Repressor Proteins","Transcriptional Activation","beta-Globins","Cohesins"],"mesh_terms":["CCCTC-Binding Factor","Cohesins","Animals","Binding Sites","Chromatin","Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone","Enhancer Elements, Genetic","Humans","Insulin-Like Growth Factor II","Promoter Regions, Genetic","Protein Binding","Repressor Proteins","Transcriptional Activation","Cell Cycle Proteins","beta-Globins","Genetic Loci"],"keywords":["CTCF","Enhancer","Chromatin","ChIA-PET","Promoter","Enhancer RNAs","Biology","Genetics","RNA polymerase II","Repressor","Bivalent chromatin","Binding site","ChIP-sequencing","Transcription (linguistics)","Transcription factor","Gene","Chromatin remodeling","Gene expression","Transcription","Cohesin","Nuclear Organization","Chromatin Loops","Transcriptional Activation","CCCTC-Binding Factor","Binding Sites","Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone","Cell Cycle Proteins","beta-Globins","Repressor Proteins","Enhancer Elements, Genetic","Genetic Loci","Insulin-Like Growth Factor II","Animals","Humans","Promoter Regions, Genetic","Cohesins","Protein Binding"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.13083080.v1","title":"Additional file 1 of MethHaplo: combining allele-specific DNA methylation and SNPs for haplotype region identification","publisher":"figshare","resource_type":"JournalArticle"},{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.13083080","title":"Additional file 1 of MethHaplo: combining allele-specific DNA methylation and SNPs for haplotype region 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