{"doi":"10.1098/rstb.2009.0269","title":"The roles of time and ecology in the continental radiation of the Old World leaf warblers (\n                    <i>Phylloscopus</i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Seicercus</i>\n                    )","abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Many continental sister species are allopatric or parapatric, ecologically similar and long separated, of the order of millions of years. Sympatric, ecologically differentiated, species, are often even older. This raises the question of whether build-up of sympatric diversity generally follows a slow process of divergence in allopatry, initially without much ecological change. I review patterns of speciation among birds belonging to the continental Eurasian Old World leaf warblers (\n                    <jats:italic>Phylloscopus</jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Seicercus</jats:italic>\n                    ). I consider speciation to be a three-stage process (range expansions, barriers to gene flow, reproductive isolation) and ask how ecological factors at each stage have contributed to speciation, both among allopatric/parapatric sister species and among those lineages that eventually led to currently sympatric species. I suggest that time is probably the critical factor that leads to reproductive isolation between sympatric species and that a strong connection between ecological divergence and reproductive isolation remains to be established. Besides reproductive isolation, ecological factors can affect range expansions (e.g. habitat tracking) and the formation of barriers (e.g. treeless areas are effective barriers for warblers). Ecological factors may often limit speciation on continents because range expansions are difficult in ‘ecologically full’ environments.\n                  </jats:p>","journal":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","year":2010,"id":37966,"datarank":4.164936743212731,"base_score":4.51085950651685,"endowment":4.51085950651685,"self_citation_contribution":0.6766289259775276,"citation_network_contribution":3.488307817235204,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6766289259775276,"citer_contribution":3.488307817235204,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":90,"citer_count":81,"citers_with_citation_signal":75,"citers_with_endowment":75,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":173252,"name":"Trevor D. Price","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":4.51085950651685,"endowment":4.51085950651685,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"20439279","pmcid":"PMC2871886","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2117643981","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":9.976,"citation_percentile":0.9846224,"influential_citations":15,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":9},{"year":2013,"count":8},{"year":2014,"count":7},{"year":2015,"count":9},{"year":2016,"count":7},{"year":2017,"count":4},{"year":2018,"count":6},{"year":2019,"count":8},{"year":2020,"count":2},{"year":2021,"count":5},{"year":2022,"count":5},{"year":2023,"count":2},{"year":2024,"count":3},{"year":2025,"count":2},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2871886?pdf=render","host_type":"GREEN"},{"url":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2009.0269","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rstb.2009.0269","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0269","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20439279","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2871886","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies","Biology","Medicine","Environmental Science","Animals","Biological Evolution","Ecosystem","Feathers","Female","Gene Flow","Genetic Speciation","Male","Phenotype","Phylogeny","Reproduction","Songbirds","Time Factors","Vocalization, Animal"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Biological Evolution","Feathers","Female","Male","Phenotype","Phylogeny","Reproduction","Time Factors","Vocalization, Animal","Ecosystem","Songbirds","Genetic Speciation","Gene Flow"],"keywords":["Parapatric speciation","Allopatric speciation","Sympatric speciation","Reproductive isolation","Biology","Ecology","Sympatry","Ecological speciation","Range (aeronautics)","Genetic algorithm","Gene flow","Population"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Life in Land"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-10T22:02:01.607722Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}