{"doi":"10.1098/rsta.1982.0021","title":"Theoretical chemistry of the 7p series of superheavy elements II. the relativistic molecular orbital and Kappa Valence methods","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The relativistic generalizations of both molecular orbital and spin-valence (the Kappa valence method) theories are used to investigate the covalent bonds that can be formed by the ground relativistic configuration of a heavy element containing a non-closed subshell of p¯ or p valence electrons. Both theories predict that p¯-H and p -H bonds are not greatly weakened compared with normal covalent α bonds and that covalent com pounds based on the p2 relativistic configuration will be bent with an equilibrium interbond angle of 90°. Both p¯-H and p-H bonds are predicted by the Kappa valence method to be a mixture of a normal covalent a bond and the triplet bond formed by the interaction of two electrons occupying orthogonal orbitals. This method predicts that the bond formed between a heavy element and a group of rather different electronegativity may be weakened by relativity more than a p¯-H or p-H bond because only the non-orthogonal Heitler-London singlet portion of such a bond can be stabilized by ionic-covalent resonance.</jats:p>","journal":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences","year":1982,"id":20127,"datarank":0.39669133000943346,"base_score":2.0794415416798357,"endowment":2.0794415416798357,"self_citation_contribution":0.31191623125197543,"citation_network_contribution":0.08477509875745802,"self_endowment_contribution":0.31191623125197543,"citer_contribution":0.08477509875745802,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":3,"citers_with_citation_signal":3,"citers_with_endowment":3,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":134114,"name":"N. C. Pyper","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":2.0794415416798357,"endowment":2.0794415416798357,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"21071399","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2038077544","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":0.0,"citation_percentile":0.11065816,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2020,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.1982.0021","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsta/article-pdf/304/1488/567/278209/rsta.1982.0021.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1982.0021","host_type":"journal"}],"fields_of_study":["Advanced Chemical Physics Studies","Inorganic Chemistry and Materials","Magnetism in coordination complexes","Physics","Chemistry"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Valence (chemistry)","Formal charge","Algorithm","Physics","Computer science","Quantum mechanics"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-04T07:18:13.764389Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}