{"doi":"10.1098/rspb.2005.3387","title":"Strong assortative mating between allopatric sticklebacks as a by-product of adaptation to different environments","abstract":"<jats:p>Speciation involves the evolution of reproductive isolation between populations. One potentially important mechanism is the evolution of pre- or postzygotic isolation between populations as a by-product of adaptation to different environments. In this paper, we tested for assortative mating between allopatric stickleback populations adapted to different ecological niches. Our experimental design controlled for interpopulation interactions and non-adaptive explanations for assortative mating. We found that prezygotic isolation was surprisingly strong: when given a choice, the majority of matings occurred between individuals from similar environments. Our results indicate that the by-product mechanism is a potent source of reproductive isolation, and likely contributed to the origin of sympatric species of sticklebacks.</jats:p>","journal":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","year":2006,"id":35848,"datarank":3.9160626391509834,"base_score":4.663439094112067,"endowment":4.663439094112067,"self_citation_contribution":0.6995158641168101,"citation_network_contribution":3.2165467750341734,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6995158641168101,"citer_contribution":3.2165467750341734,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":105,"citer_count":103,"citers_with_citation_signal":88,"citers_with_endowment":88,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":180482,"name":"Dolph Schluter","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":182795,"name":"Timothy H Vines","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":4.663439094112067,"endowment":4.663439094112067,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"16627275","pmcid":"PMC1560240","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2135630539","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":13.8787,"citation_percentile":0.98632996,"influential_citations":12,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":11},{"year":2013,"count":9},{"year":2014,"count":4},{"year":2015,"count":3},{"year":2016,"count":2},{"year":2017,"count":3},{"year":2018,"count":1},{"year":2019,"count":4},{"year":2020,"count":2},{"year":2021,"count":2},{"year":2022,"count":3},{"year":2023,"count":2},{"year":2024,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":3},{"year":2026,"count":3}],"oa_status":"green","license":"https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1560240","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1560240?pdf=render","host_type":"GREEN"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1560240","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2005.3387","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rspb.2005.3387","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3387","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16627275","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Animal Behavior and Reproduction","Plant and animal studies","Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","Biology","Medicine","Environmental Science","Adaptation, Physiological","Animals","Body Size","Ecology","Female","Genetic Speciation","Haplotypes","Male","Sexual Behavior, Animal","Smegmamorpha"],"mesh_terms":["Adaptation, Physiological","Animals","Ecology","Female","Haplotypes","Male","Sexual Behavior, Animal","Smegmamorpha","Body Size","Genetic Speciation"],"keywords":["Allopatric speciation","Assortative mating","Sympatric speciation","Reproductive isolation","Biology","Evolutionary biology","Stickleback","Adaptation (eye)","Genetic algorithm","Ecological speciation","Mating","Sympatry","Mechanism (biology)","Disruptive selection","Ecology","Zoology","Genetics","Population","Genetic variation","Natural selection","Gene","Fishery"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Life in Land"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-10T10:16:47.913548Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}