{"doi":"10.1097/00004583-200111000-00015","title":"Psychometric Properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire","abstract":"<h4>Objective</h4>To describe the psychometric properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), a brief measure of the prosocial behavior and psychopathology of 3-16-year-olds that can be completed by parents, teachers, or youths.<h4>Method</h4>A nationwide epidemiological sample of 10,438 British 5-15-year-olds obtained SDQs from 96% of parents, 70% of teachers, and 91% of 11-15-year-olds. Blind to the SDQ findings, all subjects were also assigned DSM-IVdiagnoses based on a clinical review of detailed interview measures.<h4>Results</h4>The predicted five-factor structure (emotional, conduct, hyperactivity-inattention, peer, prosocial) was confirmed. Internalizing and externalizing scales were relatively \"uncontaminated\" by one another. Reliability was generally satisfactory, whether judged by internal consistency (mean Cronbach a: .73), cross-informant correlation (mean: 0.34), or retest stability after 4 to 6 months (mean: 0.62). SDQ scores above the 90th percentile predicted a substantially raised probability of independently diagnosed psychiatric disorders (mean odds ratio: 15.7 for parent scales, 15.2 for teacher scales, 6.2 for youth scales).<h4>Conclusion</h4>The reliability and validity of the SDQ make it a useful brief measure of the adjustment and psychopathology of children and adolescents.","journal":"Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry","year":2001,"id":363,"datarank":21.555399158559513,"base_score":8.818334283552174,"endowment":8.818334283552174,"self_citation_contribution":1.3227501425328263,"citation_network_contribution":20.232649016026688,"self_endowment_contribution":1.3227501425328263,"citer_contribution":20.232649016026688,"corpus_percentile":93.1,"corpus_rank":2103,"citation_count":6756,"citer_count":184,"citers_with_citation_signal":184,"citers_with_endowment":184,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2001-11-01","authors":[{"id":3399,"name":"ROBERT GOODMAN","orcid":"0000-0001-5596-1667","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":23,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}