{"doi":"10.1093/ve/veab051","title":"Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 transmission lineages in Ecuador","abstract":"Characterisation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) genetic diversity through space and time can reveal trends in virus importation and domestic circulation and permit the exploration of questions regarding the early transmission dynamics. Here, we present a detailed description of SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiology in Ecuador, one of the hardest hit countries during the early stages of the coronavirus-19 pandemic. We generated and analysed 160 whole genome sequences sampled from all provinces of Ecuador in 2020. Molecular clock and phylogeographic analysis of these sequences in the context of global SARS-CoV-2 diversity enable us to identify and characterise individual transmission lineages within Ecuador, explore their spatiotemporal distributions, and consider their introduction and domestic circulation. Our results reveal a pattern of multiple international importations across the country, with apparent differences between key provinces. Transmission lineages were mostly introduced before the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions, with differential degrees of persistence and national dissemination.","journal":"Virus Evolution","year":2021,"id":173788,"datarank":0.48283137373023016,"base_score":3.2188758248682006,"endowment":3.2188758248682006,"self_citation_contribution":0.48283137373023016,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.48283137373023016,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":24,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9263,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":702589,"name":"Sully Márquez","orcid":"0000-0002-4156-0413","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":712527,"name":"Belén Prado-Vivar","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711935,"name":"Mónica Becerra-Wong","orcid":"0000-0002-0028-2832","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711936,"name":"Juan José Guadalupe","orcid":"0000-0003-1228-3688","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711937,"name":"Darlan da Silva Cândido","orcid":"0000-0002-5080-3130","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711938,"name":"Juan Carlos Fernández‐Cadena","orcid":"0000-0002-0398-8371","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711939,"name":"Gabriel Morey-León","orcid":"0000-0003-1824-8285","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711940,"name":"Rubén Armas-González","orcid":"0000-0001-9892-3572","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711941,"name":"Derly Andrade-Molina","orcid":"0000-0002-2651-5884","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711942,"name":"Alfredo Bruno","orcid":"0000-0002-9678-4203","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711943,"name":"Doménica de Mora","orcid":"0000-0001-6190-7368","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":712528,"name":"Maritza Olmedo","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":712529,"name":"Denisse Portugal","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711944,"name":"Manuel González","orcid":"0000-0002-0724-8987","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711945,"name":"Solón Alberto Orlando","orcid":"0000-0002-5787-3115","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":235622,"name":"Jan Felix Drexler","orcid":"0000-0002-3509-0232","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711946,"name":"Andrés Moreira‐Soto","orcid":"0000-0002-9224-5157","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711947,"name":"Anna‐Lena Sander","orcid":"0000-0002-4713-057X","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":70951,"name":"Sebastian Brünink","orcid":null,"position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711948,"name":"Arne Kühne","orcid":"0000-0002-6090-4592","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711949,"name":"Leandro Patiño","orcid":"0000-0002-3081-3120","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711950,"name":"Andrés Carrazco-Montalvo","orcid":"0000-0002-3581-7761","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711951,"name":"Orson Mestanza","orcid":"0000-0001-7268-0496","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711952,"name":"Jeannete Zurita","orcid":"0000-0002-9935-2588","position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711953,"name":"Gabriela Sevillano","orcid":"0000-0002-1133-5960","position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":234922,"name":"Louis du Plessis","orcid":"0000-0003-0352-6289","position":26,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":250068,"name":"John T. McCrone","orcid":"0000-0002-9846-8917","position":27,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236670,"name":"Joséfina Coloma","orcid":"0000-0003-0222-6487","position":28,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":317481,"name":"Gabriel Trueba","orcid":"0000-0003-2617-9021","position":29,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":692199,"name":"Verónica Barragán","orcid":"0000-0002-2205-3010","position":30,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711954,"name":"Patricio Rojas‐Silva","orcid":"0000-0002-9611-3661","position":31,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711955,"name":"Michelle Grunauer","orcid":"0000-0002-5821-7603","position":32,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":48494,"name":"Moritz U. G. Kraemer","orcid":"0000-0001-8838-7147","position":33,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":234923,"name":"Nuno R. Faria","orcid":"0000-0001-8839-2798","position":34,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":178785,"name":"Marina Escalera-Zamudio","orcid":"0000-0002-4773-2773","position":35,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":178766,"name":"Oliver Pybus","orcid":"0000-0002-8797-2667","position":36,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":577004,"name":"Paúl Cárdenas","orcid":"0000-0001-9626-4489","position":37,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":238640,"name":"Bernardo Gutiérrez","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":58,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:46:49.903770Z","pmid":"34527281","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}