{"doi":"10.1093/toxsci/kfab085","title":"Mono-<i>n</i>-Butyl Phthalate Distributes to the Mouse Ovary and Liver and Alters the Expression of Phthalate-Metabolizing Enzymes in Both Tissues","abstract":"Humans are exposed to phthalates daily via items such as personal care products and medications. Reproductive toxicity has been documented in mice exposed to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP); however, quantitative evidence of its metabolite, mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), reaching the mouse ovary and its effects on hepatic and ovarian biotransformation enzymes in treated mice is still lacking. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to quantify MBP levels in liver, serum, and ovary from mice treated with a single or repeated exposure to the parent compound, DBP. Adult CD-1 females were pipet fed once or for 10 days with vehicle (tocopherol-stripped corn oil) or DBP at 1, 10, and 1000 mg/kg/day. Tissues and serum were collected at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h after the single or final dose and subjected to LC-MS/MS. Ovaries and livers were processed for qPCR analysis of selected phthalate-associated biotransformation enzymes. Regardless of duration of exposure (single vs repeated), MBP was detected in the tissues of DBP-treated mice. In single dose mice, MBP levels peaked at ≤6 h and fell close to background levels by 24 h post-exposure. Following the last repeated dose, MBP levels peaked at ≤2 h and fell to background levels by 12 h. Hepatic and ovarian expression of Lpl, Aldh1a1, Adh1, Ugt1a6a, and Cyp1b1 were altered in DBP-treated mice in a time- and dose-specific manner. These findings confirm that MBP reaches the mouse liver and ovary after oral exposure to DBP and influences the expression of hepatic and ovarian phthalate-associated biotransformation enzymes.","journal":"Toxicological Sciences","year":2021,"id":187871,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":17,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9549,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":748881,"name":"J P Lock","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":748882,"name":"Lindsay Rasmussen","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":748057,"name":"Zelieann R. Craig","orcid":"0000-0002-9886-416X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":748880,"name":"Estela J Jauregui","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":52,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:49:05.976005Z","pmid":"34175954","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}