{"doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsae238","title":"Impaired sleep-dependent memory consolidation in pediatric narcolepsy type 1","abstract":"STUDY OBJECTIVES: Disrupted nighttime sleep is common in pediatric narcolepsy type 1, yet its cognitive impact is unknown. As N2 sleep spindles are necessary for sleep-dependent memory consolidation, we hypothesized that narcolepsy type 1 impairs memory consolidation via N2 sleep fragmentation and N2 sleep spindle alterations. METHODS: We trained 28 pediatric narcolepsy type 1 participants and 27 healthy controls (HCs) on a spatial declarative memory task before a nocturnal in-lab polysomnogram and then gave them a cued recall test upon awakening in the morning. We extracted wake and sleep stage bout numbers and N2 spindle characteristics from the polysomnogram and conducted mixed model analysis of sleep-dependent memory consolidation to identify group differences. RESULTS: Narcolepsy type 1 participants had shorter N2 bout durations and associated shorter N2 spindles versus HC, but other N2 spindle features were similar. Narcolepsy type 1 participants had worse memory performance postsleep than HCs after adjusting for age and gender (mean memory consolidation HC: -3.1% ± 18.7, NT1: -15.6 ± 24.8, main effect group × time of testing F = 5.3, p = .03). We did not find significant relationships between sleep-dependent memory consolidation and N2 spindle characteristics. Notably, increased N1% was associated with worse sleep-dependent memory consolidation with results driven by the narcolepsy type 1 group. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep-dependent memory consolidation is mildly impaired in youth with narcolepsy type 1 and findings may be attributed to increases in N1 sleep. Further studies are needed to determine if these findings are generalizable and reversible with sleep-based therapies.","journal":"SLEEP","year":2024,"id":460252,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9359,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1186826,"name":"Gillian Heckler","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1058566,"name":"Jennifer Worhach","orcid":"0000-0002-5254-2894","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":302324,"name":"Dimitrios Mylonas","orcid":"0000-0003-0924-7731","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":741360,"name":"Grace Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-1392-1218","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1288377,"name":"Klara Szilagyi","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":447518,"name":"Bo Zhang","orcid":"0000-0003-1574-198X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":429825,"name":"Cecilia Diniz Behn","orcid":"0000-0002-8078-5105","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":457459,"name":"Thomas E. Scammell","orcid":"0000-0002-7231-8558","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":302334,"name":"Robert Stickgold","orcid":"0000-0003-3971-744X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":273689,"name":"Kiran Maski","orcid":"0000-0003-4073-4036","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":61,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:04:03.568045Z","pmid":"39420719","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}