{"doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsae021","title":"Racial/ethnic disparities in the trajectories of insomnia symptoms from childhood to young adulthood","abstract":"STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine differences in the longitudinal prevalence of childhood insomnia symptoms across black/African American, Hispanic/Latinx, and non-Hispanic white groups. METHODS: Participants were 519 children from the Penn State Child Cohort (baseline [V1] from 2000-2005) who were followed up 8 years later as adolescents (V2) and 15 years later as young adults (S3). Mean age at S3 was 24.1 ± 2.7 years. Approximately, 76.5% identified as non-Hispanic white, 12.9% as black/African American, 7.1% as Hispanic/Latinx, and 3.5% as \"other\" race/ethnicity. Insomnia symptoms were defined as parent-reported (childhood) or self-reported (adolescence and young adulthood) moderate-to-severe difficulties initiating/maintaining sleep. Longitudinal trajectories of insomnia symptoms were identified across three-time points and the odds of each trajectory were compared between racial/ethnic groups, adjusting for sex, age, overweight, sleep apnea, periodic limb movements, psychiatric/behavioral disorders, and psychotropic medication use. RESULTS: Black/African Americans compared to non-Hispanic whites were at significantly higher odds of having a childhood-onset persistent trajectory through young adulthood (OR = 2.58, 95% CI [1.29, 5.14]), while Hispanics/Latinx were at nonsignificantly higher odds to have the same trajectory (OR = 1.81, 95% CI [0.77, 4.25]). No significant racial/ethnic differences were observed for remitted and waxing-and-waning trajectories since childhood or incident/new-onset trajectories in young adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that disparities in insomnia symptoms among black/African American and, to a lesser extent, Hispanic/Latinx groups start early in childhood and persist into young adulthood. Identifying and intervening upon upstream determinants of racial/ethnic insomnia disparities are warranted to directly address these disparities and to prevent their adverse health sequelae. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION: N/A; Not a clinical trial.","journal":"SLEEP","year":2024,"id":433549,"datarank":0.3958585994422889,"base_score":2.639057329615259,"endowment":2.639057329615259,"self_citation_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7176,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1239834,"name":"Raegan Atha","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":915250,"name":"Kristina Lenker","orcid":"0000-0002-2607-1224","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":317816,"name":"Susan L. Calhoun","orcid":"0000-0003-2034-4380","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448857,"name":"Jiangang Liao","orcid":"0000-0001-7649-1553","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":317815,"name":"Fan He","orcid":"0000-0002-4145-9999","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":317817,"name":"Alexandros N. Vgontzas","orcid":"0000-0002-8323-7526","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275265,"name":"Duanping Liao","orcid":"0000-0001-7405-6152","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":319246,"name":"Edward O. Bixler","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":242805,"name":"Chandra L. Jackson","orcid":"0000-0002-0915-8272","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":317814,"name":"Julio Fernández‐Mendoza","orcid":"0000-0001-9584-6161","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":915249,"name":"Rupsha Singh","orcid":"0009-0004-0861-3167","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":59,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:59:49.434790Z","pmid":"38270531","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}