{"doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsac237","title":"Association of sleep with cognitive function during retirement transition: the Whitehall II study","abstract":"STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep duration and difficulties have been shown to associate with cognitive function. This study examined how changes in sleep and in cognitive function are associated during retirement transition. METHODS: The study population consisted of 2980 Whitehall II study participants, who retired during the follow-up, whose sleep was queried, and cognitive function measured (inductive reasoning and verbal memory) before and after retirement (follow-up 16 years). Using the last information on sleep before and the first after retirement, participants were categorized into constantly without (59%), increasing (13%), decreasing (11%), and constantly with (18%) sleep difficulties; and constantly short (26%), increasing (19%), decreasing (8.5%), and constantly mid-range (47%) sleep duration. Change in cognitive function during retirement transition was examined by sleep change groups using linear regression analyses with generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: More pronounced decline in inductive reasoning during retirement transition was observed among participants with increasing sleep difficulties (-1.96, 95% CI -2.52 to -1.41) compared to those constantly without sleep difficulties (-1.25, 95% CI -1.52 to -0.98) and constantly with sleep difficulties (-1.26, 95% CI -1.75 to -0.92). Decreasing sleep difficulties (-0.64, 95% CI -0.86 to -0.43) were associated with a more pronounced decline in verbal memory when compared to constantly without sleep difficulties (-0.42, 95% CI -0.52 to -0.32) in post-retirement period. No statistically significant differences across sleep duration groups in cognitive function were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing and decreasing sleep difficulties may be associated with accelerated decline in cognitive function during retirement transition and post-retirement.","journal":"SLEEP","year":2022,"id":266080,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8505,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":925700,"name":"Suvi Rovio","orcid":"0000-0003-0911-7478","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108677,"name":"Jaana Pentti","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":925701,"name":"Jenny Head","orcid":"0000-0002-6054-0872","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108675,"name":"Mika Kivimäki","orcid":"0000-0002-4699-5627","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108683,"name":"Sari Stenholm","orcid":"0000-0001-7560-0930","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":926224,"name":"Tea Teräs","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":53,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:26:54.081997Z","pmid":"36165428","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}