{"doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsaa143","title":"Neural fatigue due to intensive learning is reversed by a nap but not by quiet waking","abstract":"Do brain circuits become fatigued due to intensive neural activity or plasticity? Is sleep necessary for recovery? Well-rested subjects trained extensively in a visuo-motor rotation learning task (ROT) or a visuo-motor task without rotation learning (MOT), followed by sleep or quiet wake. High-density electroencephalography showed that ROT training led to broad increases in EEG power over a frontal cluster of electrodes, with peaks in the theta (mean ± SE: 24% ± 6%, p = 0.0013) and beta ranges (10% ± 3%, p = 0.01). These traces persisted in the spontaneous EEG (sEEG) between sessions (theta: 42% ± 8%, p = 0.0001; beta: 35% ± 7%, p = 0.002) and were accompanied by increased errors in a motor test with kinematic characteristics and neural substrates similar to ROT (81.8% ± 0.8% vs. 68.2% ± 2.3%; two-tailed paired t-test: p = 0.00001; Cohen's d = 1.58), as well as by score increases of subjective task-specific fatigue (4.00 ± 0.39 vs. 5.36 ± 0.39; p = 0.0007; Cohen's d = 0.60). Intensive practice with MOT did not affect theta sEEG or the motor test. A nap, but not quiet wake, induced a local sEEG decrease of theta power by 33% (SE: 8%, p = 0.02), renormalized test performance (70.9% ± 2.9% vs 79.1% ± 2.7%, p = 0.018, Cohen's d = 0.85), and improved learning ability in ROT (adaptation rate: 71.2 ± 1.2 vs. 73.4 ± 0.9, p = 0.024; Cohen's d = 0.60). Thus, sleep is necessary to restore plasticity-induced fatigue and performance.","journal":"SLEEP","year":2020,"id":97933,"datarank":0.5244761342199721,"base_score":3.4965075614664802,"endowment":3.4965075614664802,"self_citation_contribution":0.5244761342199721,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5244761342199721,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":32,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9632,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":369877,"name":"Serena Ricci","orcid":"0000-0002-9042-6341","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":312352,"name":"Elisa Tatti","orcid":"0000-0002-7137-550X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":484169,"name":"Priya Panday","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":484170,"name":"Elisa Girau","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":483614,"name":"Jing Lin","orcid":"0000-0003-2981-7367","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":484171,"name":"Brittany O Thomson","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":369879,"name":"Henry Chen","orcid":"0000-0003-3455-0222","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":483615,"name":"William Marshall","orcid":"0000-0002-4779-6734","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":288051,"name":"Giulio Tononi","orcid":"0000-0002-3892-4087","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":311066,"name":"Chiara Cirelli","orcid":"0000-0003-2563-677X","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":369880,"name":"Maria Felice Ghilardi","orcid":"0000-0001-7351-5169","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":370601,"name":"Aaron B. Nelson","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":53,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:36:02.818637Z","pmid":"32745192","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}