{"doi":"10.1093/rap/rkae134","title":"Similarities and differences in self-reported symptoms and comorbidities between hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorders","abstract":"Abstract Objectives Patients with hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) experience a wide array of symptoms and system disorders. This study aimed to identify whether differences occurred in 115 self-reported symptoms and comorbidities in patients diagnosed with hEDS or HSD. Methods In this study we analysed self-reported data from an EDS Clinic intake questionnaire in patients diagnosed with hEDS, HSD or no hypermobile conditions. Results From 1 November 2019 to 7 March 2024, the EDS Clinic saw 2088 patients. Using the 2017 diagnostic criteria, 66.5% were diagnosed with HSD (n = 1389), 20.3% with hEDS (n = 423), 10.6% with historic HSD (H-HSD) or localized HSD (L-HSD) (n = 256) (hypermobile controls) and 2.6% were not diagnosed with hEDS, HSD, H-HSD or L-HSD (n = 55) (controls). Symptoms/comorbidities that occurred with high prevalence in both hEDS and HSD included joint pain (hEDS 82.0%, HSD 88.9%), allergy (hEDS 77.0%, HSD 77.0%), subluxations (hEDS 71.2%, HSD 72.6%), brain fog (hEDS 70.0%, HSD 74.7%), headache (hEDS 68.1%, HSD 69.1%), anxiety (hEDS 60.3%, HSD 69.3%), depression (hEDS 52.2%, HSD 58.0%), migraine (hEDS 53.7%, HSD 52.5%), nausea (hEDS 54.6%, HSD 59.5%) and constipation (hEDS 53.0%, HSD 57.2%). In contrast, 9/115 (8%) symptoms/comorbidities were self-reported significantly more often in hEDS but 42/115 (37%) in HSD. hEDS patients reported more symptoms that suggest a defect in collagen, such as dislocation, hernias and rectal prolapse, while HSD patients reported more joint, muscle, allergy, neurological, gastrointestinal, sleep and psychological symptoms/comorbidities. Conclusion Although we found an overlap in some symptoms and comorbidities self-reported by hEDS/HSD patients, such as allergy/atopy, headache/migraine and gastrointestinal symptoms, our findings suggest key differences exist between the two diagnoses, suggesting that hEDS and HSD may be distinct conditions.","journal":"Rheumatology Advances in Practice","year":2024,"id":428451,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9041,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1230095,"name":"Mira Bhutani","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":248042,"name":"DeLisa Fairweather","orcid":"0000-0003-3093-1810","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1230096,"name":"S Kocsis","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1229655,"name":"Jessica J. Fliess","orcid":"0009-0004-7689-3172","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":902718,"name":"Sami Khatib","orcid":"0000-0002-4458-471X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1230097,"name":"Gabe J Weigel","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1201716,"name":"Elizabeth J McCabe","orcid":"0000-0001-6711-4051","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1142423,"name":"Varsini Balamurugan","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1230098,"name":"Evan E Perona","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":895406,"name":"Jessica M. Gehin","orcid":"0000-0003-4757-416X","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":734052,"name":"Emily R. Whelan","orcid":"0000-0002-0410-0549","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":666956,"name":"Angita Jain","orcid":"0000-0003-1391-8139","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1230099,"name":"Hanna Sledge","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":287453,"name":"David O. Hodge","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":757269,"name":"Todd D. Rozen","orcid":"0000-0002-1404-9919","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":16019,"name":"Francis A. Farraye","orcid":"0000-0001-6371-2441","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1230100,"name":"Ozan Soyer","orcid":null,"position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":481392,"name":"Joseph Cheung","orcid":"0000-0002-1222-7603","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1229656,"name":"Stephanie L. Grach","orcid":"0000-0002-8337-6219","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1230101,"name":"David Shirey","orcid":null,"position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1229657,"name":"Shilpa Gajarawala","orcid":"0000-0002-8891-6157","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1229658,"name":"Bala Munipalli","orcid":"0000-0002-1188-5495","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":385959,"name":"Chrisandra Shufelt","orcid":"0000-0001-6886-9210","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":895405,"name":"Dacre Knight","orcid":"0000-0001-6206-0680","position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":40577,"name":"Katelyn A. Bruno","orcid":"0000-0001-8980-6059","position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1039316,"name":"Ashley A. Darakjian","orcid":"0009-0001-1913-9200","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":16,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:58:57.592578Z","pmid":"39660107","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}