{"doi":"10.1093/pubmed/fdaf084","title":"Exploring co-design: a systematic review of concepts, processes, models, and frameworks used in public health research","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Co-design has emerged as a preferred collaborative approach among public health practitioners and researchers to increase the potential for effective design, implementation, and dissemination of innovations in practice. However, there is a lack of consistency in its application and reporting, which limits co-design theory building and best practice. This systematic review aimed to examine the peer-reviewed literature reporting on the use of co-design as a process in public health, synthesizing co-design definitions, processes, models or frameworks, and participant involvement. METHODS: Following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic review was conducted. MEDLINE Complete, Global Health, and CINAHL databases were searched in April 2024. RESULTS: Fifty-five articles on co-design in public health published between 2016 and 2024 were included, noting a publication surge in 2023. Most studies were from Oceania, especially Australia. While 44% lacked a co-design definition, 56% highlighted its collaborative, inclusive nature. Over half (64%) used specific frameworks with a 4-5 stage process. Participant roles varied from informants to co-designers, with many studies not developing prototypes for testing. CONCLUSIONS: A more transparent and systematic application of co-design principles, guided by clearer frameworks and reporting standards, could improve the consistency and effectiveness of co-design in public health.","journal":"Journal of Public Health","year":2025,"id":509564,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":31,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.956,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1363710,"name":"Christina Zorbas","orcid":"0000-0002-7343-2424","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1363711,"name":"Giuliana Raffaella Longworth","orcid":"0000-0001-9063-4821","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1363712,"name":"Anna Ugalde","orcid":"0000-0002-2473-8435","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1363713,"name":"Cindy Needham","orcid":"0000-0002-4572-6820","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1364496,"name":"Athira Sunil","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1363714,"name":"Carolina Venegas Hargous","orcid":"0000-0002-3424-1756","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1363715,"name":"Rebecca Bennett","orcid":"0000-0002-0686-9853","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1363716,"name":"Tari Forrester‐Bowling","orcid":"0000-0002-2332-517X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":678369,"name":"Ana Paula C. Richter","orcid":"0000-0001-6987-8741","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":326089,"name":"Steven Allender","orcid":"0000-0002-4842-3294","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1363709,"name":"Carmen Vargas","orcid":"0000-0001-6166-8897","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":93,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:47:24.513904Z","pmid":"40796276","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}