{"doi":"10.1093/pm/pnad109","title":"Development of a culturally appropriate faces pain intensity scale for Hmong patients","abstract":"Dear Editor, Standardized pain intensity scales are often adapted for cross-cultural use by translating descriptive labels from English to non-English languages, with limited to no consideration of how cultural groups conceptualize, describe, and rate their pain.1,2 Research shows that pain intensity is described differently for the Hmong compared with other cultural groups because of their oral culture and communication style (ie, storytelling).3 Consequently, clinicians and interpreters experience challenges understanding Hmong patients’ pain.4,5 Previous research highlighted the need for a specific pain intensity scale for the Hmong population.6 The present study’s aims were (1) to characterize outward expressions of pain intensity among Hmong patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) and (2) to co-design a pain intensity scale to improve pain communication for them. This study was approved by the University of Wisconsin Institutional Review Board and was conducted in two phases to design and refine the pain intensity scale.","journal":"Pain Medicine","year":2023,"id":381068,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9587,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1147073,"name":"Abby M Hammes","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":819971,"name":"Adriana Arcia","orcid":"0000-0002-4773-7195","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":638812,"name":"Maichou Lor","orcid":"0000-0001-8451-4364","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":6,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:17:08.831117Z","pmid":"37584702","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}