{"doi":"10.1093/pm/pnab257","title":"First-Year Trajectories of Medical Cannabis Use Among Adults Taking Opioids for Chronic Pain: An Observational Cohort Study","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To describe first-year trajectories of medical cannabis use and identify characteristics associated with patterns of use in a cohort of adults using opioids for chronic pain. DESIGN: Latent class trajectory analysis of a prospective cohort study using data on the 14-day frequency of medical cannabis use. SETTING: A large academic medical center and four medical cannabis dispensaries in the New York City metropolitan area. SUBJECTS: Adults with chronic pain using opioids and newly certified for medical cannabis in New York between 2018 and 2020. METHODS: Using latent class trajectory analysis, we identified clusters of participants based on the 14-day frequency of medical cannabis use. We used logistic regression to determine factors associated with cluster membership, including sociodemographic characteristics, pain, substance use, and mental health symptoms. RESULTS: Among 99 participants, the mean age was 53 years; 62% were women, and 52% were White. We identified three clusters of medical cannabis use: infrequent use (n = 30, mean use = 1.5 days/14-day period), occasional use (n = 28, mean = 5.7 days/14-day period), and frequent use (n = 41, mean = 12.1 days/14-day period). Within clusters, use patterns did not vary significantly over 52 weeks. Differences were observed in two sociodemographic variables: Frequent (vs infrequent) use was associated with non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio 4.54, 95% confidence interval 1.49-14.29), while occasional (vs infrequent) use was associated with employment (adjusted odds ratio 13.84, 95% confidence interval 1.21-158.74). CONCLUSIONS: Three clusters of medical cannabis use patterns emerged and were stable over time. Results suggest that structural factors related to race/ethnicity and employment may be major drivers of medical cannabis use, even among adults certified for its use.","journal":"Pain Medicine","year":2021,"id":192219,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":12,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5174,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":515208,"name":"Deepika E. Slawek","orcid":"0000-0001-8403-8433","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":390670,"name":"Chenshu Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-3233-3905","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":367626,"name":"Joanna L. Starrels","orcid":"0000-0002-1865-1966","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":522412,"name":"Frances R. Levin","orcid":"0000-0003-4209-1329","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":390673,"name":"Nancy Sohler","orcid":"0000-0003-3147-1297","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":669821,"name":"Haruka Minami","orcid":"0000-0002-0169-0459","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":315646,"name":"Julia H. Arnsten","orcid":"0000-0002-7741-1567","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":315647,"name":"Chinazo O. Cunningham","orcid":"0000-0002-7930-313X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":332412,"name":"Jonathan Ross","orcid":"0000-0001-6126-3048","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:49:39.281850Z","pmid":"34411246","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}