{"doi":"10.1093/pm/pnab200","title":"Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Validation of the English Version of the Postural Awareness Scale","abstract":"PURPOSE: The Postural Awareness Scale (PAS) was developed among a sample of German speakers to measure self-reported awareness of body posture. The first aim of this study was to conduct an English translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the PAS. The second aim was to assess psychometric properties of the English version of the PAS. METHODS: Forward and backward translations were conducted. The translated scale was then pretested in a small sample of English-speaking adults (n = 30), followed by cognitive interviews. Finally, consensus of the translated scale was achieved among an expert committee (n = 5), resulting in the Postural Awareness Scale-English Version (PAS-E). Psychometric properties of the PAS-E were investigated among a sample of individuals with chronic pain (n = 301) by evaluating factor structure, reliability, and construct validity. Analyses of variance were conducted to calculate differences in PAS-E scores between specific subgroups (pain conditions, sex, and history of mindfulness practice). Linear regression analyses investigated whether the scores on the PAS-E predicted levels of pain, stress, and mood. RESULTS: The results obtained from an exploratory factor analysis showed a two-factor solution and were supported by a confirmatory factor analysis. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency and satisfactory construct validity. No significant differences related to sex at birth or pain duration were found. CONCLUSION: PAS-E demonstrated good psychometric properties, and therefore, can and should be used both for research and clinical practice.","journal":"Pain Medicine","year":2021,"id":199253,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6527,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":737518,"name":"Kaylie Green","orcid":"0000-0003-2539-6884","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":775256,"name":"Ashley Eddy","orcid":"0000-0001-5033-8868","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":775701,"name":"Christiane Brems","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":396891,"name":"Karen J. Sherman","orcid":"0000-0002-1437-0390","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":664999,"name":"Holger Cramer","orcid":"0000-0002-3640-8046","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":379002,"name":"Barry Oken","orcid":"0000-0002-3781-4273","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":496137,"name":"Michael Christopher","orcid":"0000-0003-4657-4571","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":379000,"name":"Dana Dharmakaya Colgan","orcid":"0000-0002-6806-1542","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":70,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:50:36.595945Z","pmid":"34240200","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}