{"doi":"10.1093/oncolo/oyaf010","title":"The complex interplay of antibiotic use and immune checkpoint inhibition","abstract":"The interplay between immune checkpoint inhibition and the gut microbiotaImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have fundamentally changed the landscape of treatment for many solid tumors and can lead to durable clinical responses for a significant number of patients with advanced disease. 1 There have been extensive efforts to identify predictive markers of response and resistance to ICI.One factor of rising interest is the host gut microbiome.Several studies examining the gut microbiota of patients with positive ICI response have identified several bacterial species associated with improved clinical response including Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcaceae, and Akkermansia. [2][3]3][4] These studies examined the stool samples of patients who received ICI treatment and analyzed which bacteria were enriched in patients with ICI response.These bacteria were associated with an increase in effector CD8 + and CD4 + T cells and dendritic cells, as well as a decrease in regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells.Conversely, Bacteroides was identified as a bacterial species enriched in patients who did not respond to ICI. 3 Importantly, antibiotic exposure can lead to significant changes to the gut microbiota by shifting the composition away from bacteria which promotes more favorable anti-tumor immunity.","journal":"The Oncologist","year":2025,"id":538778,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.954,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":769532,"name":"Ryan H. Moy","orcid":"0000-0002-0507-8590","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":709262,"name":"Lawrence W. Wu","orcid":"0000-0002-8013-1275","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":18,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:52:25.799399Z","pmid":"39945418","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}