{"doi":"10.1093/oncolo/oyac150","title":"Temporal Changes in Cholangiocarcinoma Incidence and Mortality in the United States from 2001 to 2017","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Previous studies report increasing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) incidence up to 2015. This contemporary retrospective analysis of CCA incidence and mortality in the US from 2001-2017 assessed whether CCA incidence continued to increase beyond 2015.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients and Methods</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients (≥18 years) with CCA were identified in the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 cancer registry (International Classification of Disease for Oncology [ICD-O]-3 codes: intrahepatic [iCCA], C221; extrahepatic [eCCA], C240, C241, C249). Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) cases were identified (ICD-O-3: C809; 8140/2, 8140/3, 8141/3, 8143/3, 8147/3) because of potential misclassification as iCCA.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Forty-thousand-and-thirty CCA cases (iCCA, n=13,174; eCCA, n=26,821; iCCA and eCCA, n=35) and 32,980 CUP cases were analyzed. From 2001-2017, CCA, iCCA, and eCCA incidence (per 100 000 person-years) increased 43.8% (3.08 to 4.43), 148.8% (0.80 to 1.99), and 7.5% (2.28 to 2.45), respectively. In contrast, CUP incidence decreased 54.4% (4.65 to 2.12). CCA incidence increased with age, with greatest increase among younger patients (18-44 years, 81.0%). Median overall survival from diagnosis was 8, 6, 9, and 2 months for CCA, iCCA, eCCA, and CUP. From 2001-2016, annual mortality rate declined for iCCA (57.1% to 41.2%) and generally remained stable for eCCA (40.9% to 37.0%) and for CUP (64.3% to 68.6%).</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CCA incidence continued to increase from 2001-2017, with greater increase in iCCA versus eCCA, whereas CUP incidence decreased. The divergent CUP versus iCCA incidence trends, with overall greater absolute change in iCCA incidence, provide evidence for a true increase in iCCA incidence that may not be wholly attributable to CUP reclassification.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>","journal":"The Oncologist","year":2022,"id":627987,"datarank":0.6681520944380261,"base_score":4.454347296253507,"endowment":4.454347296253507,"self_citation_contribution":0.6681520944380261,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6681520944380261,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":85,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":485050,"name":"Sunyoung Lee","orcid":"0000-0002-6893-3136","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1354015,"name":"Nilofer S Azad","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1625700,"name":"Mitesh J Borad","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1355,"name":"Robin Kate Kelley","orcid":"0000-0002-1984-2430","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":938065,"name":"Smitha Sivaraman","orcid":"0000-0002-0222-0117","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1428500,"name":"Anna Teschemaker","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1625704,"name":"Ishveen Chopra","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1625705,"name":"Nora Janjan","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1625706,"name":"Shreekant Parasuraman","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105140,"name":"Tanios Bekaii‐Saab","orcid":"0000-0001-7721-1699","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":226645,"name":"Milind Javle","orcid":"0000-0001-9158-0941","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Temporal Changes in Cholangiocarcinoma Incidence and Mortality in the United States from 2001 to 2017","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Previous studies report increasing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) incidence up to 2015. This contemporary retrospective analysis of CCA incidence and mortality in the US from 2001-2017 assessed whether CCA incidence continued to increase beyond 2015.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients and Methods</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients (≥18 years) with CCA were identified in the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 cancer registry (International Classification of Disease for Oncology [ICD-O]-3 codes: intrahepatic [iCCA], C221; extrahepatic [eCCA], C240, C241, C249). Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) cases were identified (ICD-O-3: C809; 8140/2, 8140/3, 8141/3, 8143/3, 8147/3) because of potential misclassification as iCCA.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Forty-thousand-and-thirty CCA cases (iCCA, n=13,174; eCCA, n=26,821; iCCA and eCCA, n=35) and 32,980 CUP cases were analyzed. From 2001-2017, CCA, iCCA, and eCCA incidence (per 100 000 person-years) increased 43.8% (3.08 to 4.43), 148.8% (0.80 to 1.99), and 7.5% (2.28 to 2.45), respectively. In contrast, CUP incidence decreased 54.4% (4.65 to 2.12). CCA incidence increased with age, with greatest increase among younger patients (18-44 years, 81.0%). Median overall survival from diagnosis was 8, 6, 9, and 2 months for CCA, iCCA, eCCA, and CUP. From 2001-2016, annual mortality rate declined for iCCA (57.1% to 41.2%) and generally remained stable for eCCA (40.9% to 37.0%) and for CUP (64.3% to 68.6%).</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CCA incidence continued to increase from 2001-2017, with greater increase in iCCA versus eCCA, whereas CUP incidence decreased. The divergent CUP versus iCCA incidence trends, with overall greater absolute change in iCCA incidence, provide evidence for a true increase in iCCA incidence that may not be wholly attributable to CUP reclassification.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.454347296253507,"endowment":4.454347296253507,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"35972334","pmcid":"PMC9526482","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4292184390","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Incyte Corporation","grant_id":"","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":15.7476,"citation_percentile":0.99546813,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2023,"count":20},{"year":2024,"count":23},{"year":2025,"count":31},{"year":2026,"count":9}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by-nc","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/oncolo/article-pdf/27/10/874/46284841/oyac150.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/oncolo/article-pdf/27/10/874/46284841/oyac150.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oncolo/oyac150","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35972334","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zv5t1mx","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9526482","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC9526482","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC9526482?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies","Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders","Liver Diseases and Immunity"],"mesh_terms":["Adolescent","Adult","Bile Duct Neoplasms","Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic","Humans","Neoplasms, Unknown Primary","Retrospective Studies","Seizures","United States","Incidence","Cholangiocarcinoma","Dyskinesias","Epilepsy, Benign Neonatal","Young Adult"],"keywords":["Incidence (geometry)","Medicine","Epidemiology","Retrospective cohort study","Cancer","Internal medicine","Demography","Mathematics","Mortality","Prevalence","Cholangiocarcinoma","incidence","Seer Program","Unknown Primary Tumor"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-05T10:28:47.852624Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}