{"doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf728","title":"Healthcare Workers Have More Frequent and Less Severe Influenza-Like Illness Than Non-healthcare Workers: Findings From the PAIVED Study","abstract":"Background: The Pragmatic Assessment of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Department of Defense (PAIVED) study is a multicenter trial assessing influenza vaccine effectiveness with annual enrollment over 4 consecutive influenza seasons (2018/2019-2021/2022). Data from PAIVED provides an opportunity to evaluate influenza-like illness (ILI) in healthcare workers (HCWs) compared to non-HCWs. Methods: Participants in the PAIVED study were recruited from September to January in each influenza season and received egg-based, cell-based, or recombinant influenza vaccine. If a participant reported an ILI, they submitted a nasal swab for pathogen detection and a symptom diary for 7 days. For this analysis, vaccine groups were pooled and multivariable regression models were performed. Results: < .01), and this difference persisted in our multivariable model (RR 1.16 [95% CI 1.08, 1.24]). No statistically significant differences were observed between HCWs and non-HCWs in specific pathogen detection. In terms of ILI severity, HCWs reported 0.28 more days of missed work (95% CI 0.01, 0.55), 0.36 fewer days with fever (-0.60, -0.13), and, in general, reported less severe ILI symptoms in the FLU-PRO diaries. Conclusions: Healthcare workers enrolled in PAIVED reported more ILIs during the study period than non-HCWs, despite all participants receiving influenza vaccination. Further work is needed to reduce the risk of ILIs in HCWs. Clinical Trials Registration: A Pragmatic Assessment of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the DoD (PAIVED): NCT03734237, Study Details | A Pragmatic Assessment of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the DoD | ClinicalTrials.gov.","journal":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","year":2025,"id":549866,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7357,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":945204,"name":"Kat Schmidt","orcid":"0000-0002-1240-6767","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":449838,"name":"Christina Schofield","orcid":"0000-0002-0367-4495","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1445247,"name":"A. 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