{"doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae200","title":"<i>M. tuberculosis</i> Infection Attributable to Exposure in Social Networks of Tuberculosis Cases in an Urban African Community","abstract":"Background: The persistence of tuberculosis today and its global disparity send a powerful message that effective tuberculosis control must respond to its regional epidemiology. Active case finding through contact investigation is a standard protocol used for tuberculosis control, but its effectiveness has not been established, especially in endemic areas. Methods: To quantify the potential effectiveness of contact investigation in Kampala, Uganda, we used a cross-sectional design to evaluate the social networks of 123 tuberculosis index cases and 124 controls without tuberculosis. Results: Tuberculous infection was present in 515 of 989 tuberculosis case contacts (52.1%) and 396 of 1026 control contacts (38.6%; adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.6). The proportion of infected participants with known exposure within the social network of the tuberculosis case was 35%. The population-attributable fraction was 11.1% for any known exposure, with 7.3% attributable to household exposure and 3.4% attributable to extrahousehold exposure. Conclusions: This low population-attributable fraction indicates that contact tracing in the social networks of index cases will have only a modest effect in reducing tuberculous infection in a community. New approaches to community-level active case finding are needed.","journal":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","year":2024,"id":479925,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9542,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":253370,"name":"Sarah Zalwango","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":363887,"name":"Robert Kakaire","orcid":"0000-0003-1588-4075","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":363892,"name":"María Eugenia Castellanos","orcid":"0000-0002-8181-6321","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":363891,"name":"Trang Ho Thu Quach","orcid":"0000-0002-0398-9761","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":231957,"name":"Christopher C. Whalen","orcid":"0000-0002-8081-0665","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":363888,"name":"Noah Kiwanuka","orcid":"0000-0003-2471-9290","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":64,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:06:54.284166Z","pmid":"38737427","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}