{"doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofad047","title":"Factors Associated With Long COVID Symptoms in an Online Cohort Study","abstract":"Background: Few prospective studies of Long COVID risk factors have been conducted. The purpose of this study was to determine whether sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, or medical history preceding COVID-19 or characteristics of acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are associated with Long COVID. Methods: In March 26, 2020, the COVID-19 Citizen Science study, an online cohort study, began enrolling participants with longitudinal assessment of symptoms before, during, and after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Adult participants who reported a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result before April 4, 2022 were surveyed for Long COVID symptoms. The primary outcome was at least 1 prevalent Long COVID symptom greater than 1 month after acute infection. Exposures of interest included age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, employment, socioeconomic status/financial insecurity, self-reported medical history, vaccination status, variant wave, number of acute symptoms, pre-COVID depression, anxiety, alcohol and drug use, sleep, and exercise. Results: Of 13 305 participants who reported a SARS-CoV-2 positive test, 1480 (11.1%) responded. Respondents' mean age was 53 and 1017 (69%) were female. Four hundred seventy-six (32.2%) participants reported Long COVID symptoms at a median 360 days after infection. In multivariable models, number of acute symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 1.30 per symptom; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-1.40), lower socioeconomic status/financial insecurity (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.02-2.63), preinfection depression (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.16), and earlier variants (OR = 0.37 for Omicron compared with ancestral strain; 95% CI, 0.15-0.90) were associated with Long COVID symptoms. Conclusions: Variant wave, severity of acute infection, lower socioeconomic status, and pre-existing depression are associated with Long COVID symptoms.","journal":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","year":2023,"id":316577,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":98,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8684,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":228705,"name":"Michael J. Peluso","orcid":"0000-0003-0585-6230","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":576124,"name":"Noah D. Peyser","orcid":"0000-0003-4529-8325","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1020259,"name":"Feng Lin","orcid":"0009-0003-6915-8316","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286321,"name":"Sara J. Knight","orcid":"0000-0001-9452-9375","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1020722,"name":"Audrey Djibo","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1020260,"name":"Rasha Khatib","orcid":"0000-0001-7480-3840","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":366469,"name":"Heather Kitzman","orcid":"0000-0003-1219-6189","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":337848,"name":"Emily C. O’Brien","orcid":"0000-0002-8257-7561","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":390484,"name":"Natasha Williams","orcid":"0000-0003-2534-0856","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":91398,"name":"Carmen R. Isasi","orcid":"0000-0003-2700-9593","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253907,"name":"John Kornak","orcid":"0000-0002-0089-0619","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":784991,"name":"Thomas W. Carton","orcid":"0000-0003-0059-1990","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":901,"name":"Jeffrey E. Olgin","orcid":"0000-0003-1684-9327","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232378,"name":"Mark J. Pletcher","orcid":"0000-0002-6966-1312","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":266842,"name":"Gregory M. Marcus","orcid":"0000-0001-5197-7696","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":651483,"name":"Alexis L. Beatty","orcid":"0000-0001-8405-7386","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":618495,"name":"Matthew S. Durstenfeld","orcid":"0000-0002-7612-3352","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":37,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:06:38.213358Z","pmid":"36846611","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}