{"doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofac707","title":"High Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among People With HIV in Rural and Periurban Communities in Botswana","abstract":"Abstract Background We aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) in rural and periurban communities in Botswana. Methods PWH from a previous population-based study, the Botswana Prevention Combination Project, which enrolled adults in 30 communities across Botswana (2013–2018), were screened for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV core antibody (anti-HBc). HBsAg-positive (HBsAg+) samples were further screened for HBV core immunoglobulin M antibodies (anti-HBc immunoglobulin M [IgM]) and HBV e antigen (HBeAg). We quantified HBV viral load on participants who tested positive (n = 148) and negative for HBsAg (n = 381). Results Of 3304 participants tested, 271 (8% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 7%–9%]) were HBsAg+ while 1788 (56% [95% CI, 54%–57%]) of 3218 PWH whom we tested had positive anti-HBc. Approximately 88% of HBsAg+ participants were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), 40% and 56% of whom were receiving lamivudine- and tenofovir-containing ART, respectively. Male sex (relative risk ratio [RRR], 1.8 [95% CI, 1.2–2.7]) and the northern geographic region (RRR, 2.5 [95% CI, 1.4–4.7]) were independent predictors of HBV infection (HBsAg+). Of 381 persons with negative HBsAg who were tested for occult HBV, 126 (33% [95% CI, 29%–38%]) had positive HBV DNA. Eleven participants were highly viremic with high HBV viral load while on a lamivudine- or tenofovir-containing regimen. Ten (91%) of these participants also had positive HBeAg serology, while 4 (36%) had positive anti-HBc IgM serology. Conclusions The prevalence of HBV was high among PWH in Botswana while on ART regimens with activity against HBV.","journal":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","year":2023,"id":336778,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":18,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9423,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":425976,"name":"Motswedi Anderson","orcid":"0000-0001-9974-9684","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":940997,"name":"Irene Gobe","orcid":"0000-0003-3679-6509","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":828773,"name":"Margaret Mokomane","orcid":"0000-0002-4406-3594","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":425978,"name":"Wonderful T. Choga","orcid":"0000-0001-7606-0569","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1068191,"name":"Sharon R Mutenga","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1068192,"name":"Gorata Mpebe","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":972359,"name":"Molly Pretorius-Holme","orcid":"0000-0001-5363-2376","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":425980,"name":"Rosemary Musonda","orcid":"0009-0009-9937-6908","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":260844,"name":"Tendani Gaolathe","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":375106,"name":"Mompati Mmalane","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":431953,"name":"Roger Shapiro","orcid":"0000-0002-4832-6275","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":393322,"name":"Joseph Makhema","orcid":"0000-0003-0017-2438","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":257497,"name":"Shahin Lockman","orcid":"0000-0002-5384-9716","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":439048,"name":"Vlad Novitsky","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":425982,"name":"Max Essex","orcid":"0000-0002-4576-7841","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":425983,"name":"Sikhulile Moyo","orcid":"0000-0003-3821-4592","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":425985,"name":"Simani Gaseitsiwe","orcid":"0000-0002-7089-3735","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":425975,"name":"Bonolo B. Phinius","orcid":"0000-0002-0180-2705","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":47,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:10:21.947540Z","pmid":"36686633","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}