{"doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofac576","title":"Antiretroviral Drug Detection in a Community-Randomized Trial of Universal HIV Testing and Treatment: HPTN 071 (PopART)","abstract":"Abstract Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission risk. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate ART uptake in a trial in Zambia and South Africa that implemented a community-wide universal testing and treatment package to reduce HIV incidence. Methods Study communities were randomized to 3 arms: A, combination-prevention intervention with universal ART; B, combination-prevention intervention with ART according to local guidelines; and C, standard of care. Samples were collected from people with HIV (PWH) during a survey visit conducted 2 years after study implementation: these samples were tested for 22 antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. Antiretroviral therapy uptake was defined as detection of ≥1 ARV drug. Resistance was evaluated in 612 randomly selected viremic participants. A 2-stage, cluster-based approach was used to assess the impact of the study intervention on ART uptake. Results Antiretroviral drugs were detected in 4419 of 6207 (71%) samples (Arm A, 73%; Arm B, 70%; Arm C, 60%); 4140 (94%) of samples with ARV drugs had viral loads <400 copies/mL. Drug resistance was observed in 237 of 612 (39%) viremic participants (95 of 102 [93%] with ARV drugs; 142 of 510 [28%] without drugs). Antiretroviral therapy uptake was associated with older age, female sex, enrollment year, seroconverter status, and self-reported ART (all P < .001). The adjusted risk ratio for ART uptake was similar for Arm A versus C (1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], .94–1.54; P = .12) and Arm B versus C (1.14; 95% CI, .89–1.46; P = .26). Conclusions At the 2-year survey, 71% of PWH were on ART and 94% of those participants were virally suppressed. Universal testing and treatment was not significantly associated with increased ART uptake in this cohort.","journal":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","year":2022,"id":296002,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9411,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":785814,"name":"Kidist Zewdie","orcid":"0000-0002-2999-733X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237963,"name":"William Clarke","orcid":"0000-0001-9665-4786","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":246871,"name":"Estelle Piwowar‐Manning","orcid":"0000-0002-6501-0440","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":433317,"name":"Autumn Breaud","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":440380,"name":"Ayana Moore","orcid":"0000-0002-1216-6337","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":440381,"name":"Barry Kosloff","orcid":"0000-0002-8074-2586","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":427946,"name":"Kwame Shanaube","orcid":"0000-0001-7899-0890","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":69675,"name":"Gert U. van Zyl","orcid":"0000-0003-3021-5101","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":982750,"name":"Michelle Scheepers","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":257501,"name":"Sian Floyd","orcid":"0000-0002-8615-7601","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":334964,"name":"Peter Bock","orcid":"0000-0003-3211-6078","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":257498,"name":"Helen Ayles","orcid":"0000-0003-4108-2842","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":257500,"name":"Sarah Fidler","orcid":"0000-0003-1676-7583","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":257503,"name":"Richard Hayes","orcid":"0000-0002-1729-9892","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":334960,"name":"Deborah Donnell","orcid":"0000-0002-0587-7480","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":36851,"name":"Susan H. Eshleman","orcid":"0000-0002-4587-791X","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":441107,"name":"for the HPTN 071 (PopART) Study Team","orcid":null,"position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":432556,"name":"Jessica M. Fogel","orcid":"0000-0003-3143-9000","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":17,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:31:12.531553Z","pmid":"36447611","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}