{"doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofac436","title":"Reduction in Risk of Death Among Patients Admitted With COVID-19 Between the First and Second Epidemic Waves in New York City","abstract":"Background: Many regions have experienced successive epidemic waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with heterogeneous differences in mortality. Elucidating factors differentially associated with mortality between epidemic waves may inform clinical and public health strategies. Methods: We examined clinical and demographic data among patients admitted with COVID-19 during the first (March-August 2020) and second (August 2020-March 2021) epidemic waves at an academic medical center in New York City. Results: Hospitalized patients (n = 4631) had lower overall and 30-day in-hospital mortality, defined as death or discharge to hospice, during the second wave (14% and 11%) than the first (22% and 21%). The wave 2 in-hospital mortality decrease persisted after adjusting for several potential confounders. Adjusting for the volume of COVID-19 admissions, a measure of health system strain, accounted for the mortality difference between waves. Several demographic and clinical patient factors were associated with an increased risk of mortality independent of wave: SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold, do-not-intubate status, oxygen requirement, and intensive care unit admission. Conclusions: This work suggests that the increased in-hospital mortality rates observed during the first epidemic wave were partly due to strain on hospital resources. Preparations for future epidemics should prioritize evidence-based patient risks, treatment paradigms, and approaches to augment hospital capacity.","journal":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","year":2022,"id":295715,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9572,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":105375,"name":"Jason Zucker","orcid":"0000-0001-6987-6412","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":346851,"name":"Yanhan Shen","orcid":"0000-0002-9703-4412","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":981605,"name":"Simian Huang","orcid":"0000-0001-5536-1231","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886306,"name":"Qiheng Yan","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":281545,"name":"Medini K. Annavajhala","orcid":"0000-0002-9229-8849","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":246804,"name":"Anne‐Catrin Uhlemann","orcid":"0000-0002-9798-4768","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":346847,"name":"Louise Kuhn","orcid":"0000-0002-2305-8665","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105379,"name":"Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk","orcid":"0000-0002-7112-3118","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":723279,"name":"Delivette Castor","orcid":"0000-0002-0988-9489","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":466145,"name":"Anthony Bowen","orcid":"0000-0003-1064-8372","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":38,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:31:08.861377Z","pmid":"36131846","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}