{"doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofab548","title":"Alarming Tuberculosis Rate Among People Who Inject Drugs in Vietnam","abstract":"BACKGROUND: The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is not homogeneous in the general population but presents high-risk groups. People who inject drugs (PWID) are such a group. However, TB among PWID remains largely undocumented. Our goal was to assess the prevalence of TB and the risk factors associated with TB among PWID in Vietnam. METHODS: We implemented a cross-sectional survey among 2 community-based cohorts of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative PWID in Hai Phong. Participants were screened for TB using questions on TB symptoms. Those who reported any symptom were accompanied by peers to the TB clinic for chest x-ray. If the latter was abnormal, a sputum was collected to perform an Xpert MTB/RIF test. RESULTS: A total of 885 PWID were screened for TB. For both cohorts, most PWID were male (>90.0%), with a median age of 42 years. Beside heroin injection, 52.5% of participants reported smoking methamphetamine, and 63.2% were on methadone. Among HIV-positive PWID (N = 451), 90.4% were on antiretroviral therapy and 81.6% had a viral load <1000 copies/mL. Using a complete-case analysis, the estimated TB prevalence was 2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-4.5) and 2.1% (95% CI, 0.8-4.2) among HIV-positive and HIV-negative people, respectively. Living as a couple, arrest over the past 6 months, homelessness, and smoking methamphetamine were independently associated with TB but not HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of very large antiretroviral therapy coverage, this extremely high rate of TB among PWID requires urgent actions.","journal":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","year":2021,"id":194349,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9491,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":764157,"name":"Vinh Vu Hai","orcid":"0000-0001-6130-7864","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764873,"name":"Thuy Thi Thu Dong","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764874,"name":"Oanh Khuat Thi Hai","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":749679,"name":"Delphine Rapoud","orcid":"0000-0001-6677-2714","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764158,"name":"Hoang Thi Giang","orcid":"0000-0003-1448-669X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":749678,"name":"Catherine Quillet","orcid":"0000-0002-1226-8915","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764875,"name":"Khue Pham Minh","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":749674,"name":"Roselyne Vallo","orcid":"0000-0002-2447-6754","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764876,"name":"Thanh Tuyet Thi Nham","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764159,"name":"Joëlle Castellani","orcid":"0000-0002-8176-0903","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":720877,"name":"Jonathan Feelemyer","orcid":"0000-0001-6617-4992","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22460,"name":"Don C. Des Jarlais","orcid":"0000-0002-0157-8168","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764160,"name":"Lan Phuong Nguyen","orcid":"0000-0002-8932-4460","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764877,"name":"Hoi Van Le","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":346879,"name":"Nguyen Viet Nhung","orcid":"0000-0002-5447-133X","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764161,"name":"Luan Nguyen Quang Vo","orcid":"0000-0002-5937-6286","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764162,"name":"Huong Thi Duong","orcid":"0000-0001-5580-4987","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":749682,"name":"Jean‐Pierre Molès","orcid":"0000-0002-6863-6350","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":749684,"name":"Didier Laureillard","orcid":"0000-0002-0104-9047","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":749685,"name":"Nicolas Nagot","orcid":"0000-0002-3493-2821","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":44,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:49:59.476757Z","pmid":"35106311","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}