{"doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofab276","title":"Sociodemographic Inequalities in Urinary Tract Infection in 2 Large California Health Systems","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) accounts for a substantial portion of outpatient visits and antibiotic prescriptions in the United States. Few studies have considered sociodemographic factors including low socioeconomic status (SES)-which may increase residential crowding, inappropriate antibiotic prescribing, or comorbidities-as UTI or multidrug-resistant (MDR) UTI risk factors. METHODS: We used 2015-2017 electronic health record data from 2 California health care systems to assess whether 3 sociodemographic factors-use of Medicaid, use of an interpreter, and census tract-level deprivation-were associated with overall UTI or MDR UTI. UTIs resistant to ≥3 antibiotic classes were considered MDR. RESULTS: isolates from Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) and Sutter Health in Northern California. The MDR prevalence was 10.4% at KPSC and 12.8% at Sutter Health. All 3 sociodemographic factors (ie, use of Medicaid, using an interpreter, and community deprivation) were associated increased risk of MDR UTI. For example, using an interpreter was associated with a 36% (relative risk [RR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.40) and 28% (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.34) increased risk of MDR UTI at KPSC and Sutter Health, respectively, adjusted for SES and other potential confounding variables. The 3 sociodemographic factors were only weakly associated with UTI overall. CONCLUSIONS: We found low SES and use of an interpreter to be novel risk factors for MDR UTI in the United States.","journal":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","year":2021,"id":156264,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":55,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7166,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":242713,"name":"Kara E. Rudolph","orcid":"0000-0002-9417-7960","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":660406,"name":"Sarah Robinson","orcid":"0000-0002-6553-8085","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":518120,"name":"Katia Bruxvoort","orcid":"0000-0001-8277-2431","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":657137,"name":"Eva Raphael","orcid":"0000-0003-2854-0247","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":518118,"name":"Vennis Hong","orcid":"0000-0002-6060-8419","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":658999,"name":"Alice Pressman","orcid":"0000-0003-2775-3275","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232426,"name":"Rachel Morello‐Frosch","orcid":"0000-0003-1153-7287","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":303651,"name":"Rong Wei","orcid":"0000-0003-0204-4982","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":660407,"name":"Sara Y. Tartof","orcid":"0000-0003-2336-8476","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232425,"name":"Joan A. Casey","orcid":"0000-0002-9809-4695","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":41,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:44:08.368845Z","pmid":"34189179","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}