{"doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofab260","title":"Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteremia in Young Children Hospitalized With Pneumonia in Bangladesh Is Associated With a High Mortality Rate","abstract":"Abstract Background Pneumonia is a leading cause of sepsis and mortality in children under 5 years. However, our understanding of the causes of bacteremia in children with pneumonia is limited. Methods We characterized risk factors for bacteremia and death in a cohort of children admitted to the Dhaka Hospital of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) between 2014 and 2017 with radiographically confirmed pneumonia. Results A total of 4007 young children were hospitalized with pneumonia over the study period. A total of 1814 (45%) had blood cultures obtained. Of those, 108 (6%) were positive. Gram-negative pathogens predominated, accounting for 83 (77%) of positive cultures. These included Pseudomonas (N = 22), Escherichia coli (N = 17), Salmonella enterica (N = 14, including 11 Salmonella Typhi), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (N = 11). Gram-positive pathogens included Pneumococcus (N = 7) and Staphylococcus aureus (N = 6). Resistance to all routinely used empiric antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone) for children with pneumonia at the icddr,b was observed in 20 of the 108 isolates. Thirty-one of 108 (29%) children with bacteremia died, compared to 124 of 1706 (7%) who underwent culture without bacteremia (odds ratio [OR], 5.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3–8.1; P < .001). Children infected with bacteria resistant to all routinely used empiric antibiotics were at greater risk of death compared to children without bacteremia (OR, 17.3; 95% CI, 7.0–43.1; P < .001). Conclusions Antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteremia in young children with pneumonia in Dhaka, Bangladesh was associated with a high mortality rate. The pandemic of antibiotic resistance is shortening the lives of young children in Bangladesh, and new approaches to prevent and treat these infections are desperately needed.","journal":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","year":2021,"id":172716,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":25,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9608,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":109068,"name":"Jason B. Harris","orcid":"0000-0003-3642-5126","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":376213,"name":"Ryan W. Carroll","orcid":"0000-0002-7513-7023","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":709099,"name":"K. M. Shahunja","orcid":"0000-0002-9345-206X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":709589,"name":"Abu S. M. S. B. Shahid","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":646794,"name":"Peter P. Moschovis","orcid":"0000-0002-9664-5959","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":709100,"name":"Sara R. Schenkel","orcid":"0000-0001-6138-5731","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":709590,"name":"Abu Sayem Mirza Md. Hasibur Rahman","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":709101,"name":"Lubaba Shahrin","orcid":"0000-0002-5676-3280","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":709102,"name":"Md. Tanveer Faruk","orcid":"0000-0003-2514-920X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":709103,"name":"Md Farhad Kabir","orcid":"0000-0002-0026-5717","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":709104,"name":"Dilruba Ahmed","orcid":"0000-0001-8961-2406","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":52795,"name":"Tahmeed Ahmed","orcid":"0000-0002-4607-7439","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":467701,"name":"Mohammod Jobayer Chisti","orcid":"0000-0001-9958-3071","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":13,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:46:41.424716Z","pmid":"34277885","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}