{"doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntad072","title":"Indicators of Tobacco Dependence Among Youth: Findings From Wave 1 (2013–2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Prior work established a measure of tobacco dependence (TD) among adults that can be used to compare TD across different tobacco products. We extend this approach to develop a common, cross-product metric for TD among youth. METHODS: One thousand one hundred and forty-eight youth aged 12-17 who used a tobacco product in the past 30 days were identified from 13 651 youth respondents in Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. FINDINGS: Analyses confirmed a single primary latent construct underlying responses to TD indicators for all mutually exclusive tobacco product user groups. Differential Item Functioning analyses supported the use of 8 of 10 TD indicators for comparisons across groups. With TD levels anchored at 0.0 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.0) among cigarette only (n = 265) use group, mean TD scores were more than a full SD lower for e-cigarette only (n = 150) use group (mean = -1.09; SD = 0.64). Other single product use group (cigar, hookah, pipe, or smokeless; n = 262) on average had lower TD (mean = -0.60; SD = 0.84), and the group with the use of multiple tobacco products (n = 471) experienced similar levels of TD (mean = 0.14; SD = 0.78) as the cigarette only use group. Concurrent validity was established with product use frequency among all user groups. A subset of five TD items comprised a common metric permitting comparisons between youth and adults. CONCLUSION: The PATH Study Youth Wave 1 Interview provided psychometrically valid measures of TD that enable future regulatory investigations of TD across tobacco products and comparisons between youth and adult tobacco product use group. IMPLICATIONS: A measure of tobacco dependence (TD) has been established previously among adults to compare TD across tobacco products. This study established the validity of a similar, cross-product measure of TD among youth. Findings suggest a single latent TD construct underlying this measure, concurrent validity of the scale with product use frequency across different types of tobacco users, and a subset of common items that can be used to compare TD between youth and adults who use tobacco.","journal":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","year":2023,"id":359343,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5838,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":456727,"name":"Allison Glasser","orcid":"0000-0002-6582-2684","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270085,"name":"Eric C. Leas","orcid":"0000-0001-9221-0336","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270083,"name":"John P. Pierce","orcid":"0000-0002-0075-7471","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":304690,"name":"David B. Abrams","orcid":"0000-0002-0868-4350","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":337295,"name":"Mary Hrywna","orcid":"0000-0002-0717-9598","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292407,"name":"Andrew Hyland","orcid":"0009-0009-6318-9932","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":304693,"name":"K. Michael Cummings","orcid":"0000-0002-7103-7017","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":252495,"name":"Dorothy K. Hatsukami","orcid":"0000-0002-1108-2609","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":304698,"name":"Geoffrey T. Fong","orcid":"0000-0001-9098-6472","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":304695,"name":"Tara Elton‐Marshall","orcid":"0000-0002-1674-8588","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292399,"name":"Eva Sharma","orcid":"0000-0002-1328-508X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292396,"name":"Kathryn C. Edwards","orcid":"0000-0002-0645-1705","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292398,"name":"Cassandra A. Stanton","orcid":"0000-0001-5329-6261","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":339734,"name":"Michael D. Sawdey","orcid":"0000-0003-4146-6897","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":306426,"name":"Carolina Ramôa","orcid":null,"position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":304699,"name":"Marushka L. Silveira","orcid":"0000-0002-4880-2550","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292406,"name":"Heather L. 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