{"doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaa041","title":"Exploring the Point-of-Sale Among Vape Shops Across the United States: Audits Integrating a Mystery Shopper Approach","abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Vape shops represent prominent, unique retailers, subject to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation in the United States. AIMS AND METHODS: This study assessed compliance of US vape shop retail marketing strategies with new regulations (eg, required age verification, prohibited free samples) and pre-implementation conditions for other regulations (eg, health warning labels on all nicotine products, required disclosures of e-liquid contents). RESULTS: 95.0% of shops displayed minimum-age signage; however, mystery shoppers were asked for age verification at 35.6% upon entry and at 23.4% upon purchase. Although 85.5% of shops had some evidence of implementing FDA health warnings, 29.1% had signage indicating prohibited health claims, 16.3% offered free e-liquid samples, 27.4% had signage with cartoon imagery, and 33.3% were within two blocks of schools. All shops sold open-system devices, 64.8% sold closed-system devices, 68.2% sold their own brand of e-liquids, 42.5% sold e-liquids containing cannabidiol, 83.2% offered price promotions of some kind, and 89.9% had signage for product and price promotions. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that most shops complied with some implementation of FDA health warnings and with free sampling bans and minimum-age signage. Other findings indicated concerns related to underage access, health claims, promotional strategies, and cannabidiol product offerings, which call for further FDA and state regulatory/enforcement efforts.","journal":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","year":2020,"id":94157,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":38,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9612,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":404074,"name":"Dianne C. Barker","orcid":"0000-0003-3676-9148","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":404071,"name":"Christina Meyers","orcid":"0000-0002-5741-7582","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":404072,"name":"Amber Weber","orcid":"0000-0001-5293-4532","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":469469,"name":"Amy J. Park","orcid":"0000-0002-4925-8032","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":405609,"name":"Akilah Patterson","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":405608,"name":"Sarah Dorvil","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":408550,"name":"Robert T. Fairman","orcid":"0000-0001-9157-4576","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":380435,"name":"Jidong Huang","orcid":"0000-0002-3425-9155","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":404070,"name":"Steve Sussman","orcid":"0000-0002-6778-9718","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":337986,"name":"Melvin D. Livingston","orcid":"0000-0002-6327-8910","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331383,"name":"Theodore L. Wagener","orcid":"0000-0002-9072-228X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":404073,"name":"Rashelle B. Hayes","orcid":"0000-0002-2590-3404","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":274691,"name":"Kim Pulvers","orcid":"0000-0002-0282-1975","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":405606,"name":"Betelihem Getachew","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":469470,"name":"Nina C. Schleicher","orcid":"0000-0002-6076-5713","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":404075,"name":"Lisa Henriksen","orcid":"0000-0002-9288-3562","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":356922,"name":"Carla J. Berg","orcid":"0000-0001-8931-1961","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":47,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:32:04.778261Z","pmid":"32149340","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}