{"doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfaa169","title":"Urine interleukin-9 and tumor necrosis factor-α for prognosis of human acute interstitial nephritis","abstract":"BACKGROUND: We previously demonstrated that urine interleukin (IL)-9 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α can distinguish acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) from other causes of acute kidney injury. Here we evaluated the role of these biomarkers to prognosticate kidney function in patients with AIN. METHODS: In a cohort of participants with biopsy-proven, adjudicated AIN, we tested the association of histological features and urine biomarkers (IL-9 and TNF-α) with estimated glomerular filtration rate measured 6 months after diagnosis (6 m-eGFR) controlling for eGFR before AIN and albuminuria. We also evaluated subgroups in whom corticosteroid use was associated with 6 m-eGFR. RESULTS: In the 51 (93%) of the 55 participants with complete data, median (interquartile range) eGFR before and 6 m after AIN were 41 (27-69) and 28 (13-47) mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Patients with higher severity of interstitial fibrosis had lower 6 m-eGFR, whereas those with higher tubulointerstitial infiltrate had higher 6 m-eGFR. IL-9 levels were associated with lower 6 m-eGFR only in the subset of patients who did not receive corticosteroids [6m-eGFR per doubling of IL-9, -6.0 (-9.4 to -2.6) mL/min/1.73 m2]. Corticosteroid use was associated with higher 6 m-eGFR [20.9 (0.2, 41.6) mL/min/1.73 m2] only in those with urine IL-9 above the median (>0.66 ng/g) but not in others. CONCLUSIONS: Urine IL-9 was associated with lower 6 m-eGFR only in participants not treated with corticosteroids. Corticosteroid use was associated with higher 6 m-eGFR in those with high urine IL-9. These findings provide a framework for IL-9-guided clinical trials to test efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with AIN.","journal":"Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation","year":2020,"id":91248,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":46,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9624,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":234941,"name":"F. Perry Wilson","orcid":"0000-0002-2633-2412","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":458076,"name":"Lidiya Kukova","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":406754,"name":"Wassim Obeid","orcid":"0000-0002-6054-411X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":457084,"name":"Randy L. Luciano","orcid":"0000-0002-3038-4231","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":248441,"name":"Michael Kuperman","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":274505,"name":"Gilbert Moeckel","orcid":"0000-0002-6059-0837","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":284016,"name":"Michael Kashgarian","orcid":"0000-0003-0362-7688","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108988,"name":"Mark A. Perazella","orcid":"0000-0002-6994-2659","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249672,"name":"Lloyd G. Cantley","orcid":"0000-0002-8444-6469","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":241229,"name":"Chirag R. Parikh","orcid":"0000-0001-9051-7385","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":258520,"name":"Dennis G. Moledina","orcid":"0000-0002-9537-9038","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":42,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:28:45.409789Z","pmid":"33125471","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}