{"doi":"10.1093/nar/gkaf1213","title":"The DO-KB knowledgebase 2026 update: expanding programmatic and language access","abstract":"The Human Disease Ontology Knowledgebase (DO-KB; https://disease-ontology.org/), a Global Core Biodata Resource, serves as a reference framework for multiscale biomedical data integration and analysis, within a unifying etiology-based disease classification. In this 2026 update of the Human Disease Ontology (DO) and DO-KB resource, we present significant advances in programmatic data retrieval and disease representation since our previous NARdb publication. Here we report on the development of a DO Nosology education program, the Spanish translation of the DO website and ontology content, and expansion of disease knowledge representation.","journal":"Nucleic Acids Research","year":2025,"id":549008,"datarank":0.10397207708399181,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":22.178386323199504,"corpus_rank":9377,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":1,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9525,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":75.0,"fair_percentile":95.6282482421278,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1443157,"name":"Claudia M Sánchez-Beato Johnson","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":59076,"name":"Michael Schor","orcid":"0000-0002-4493-7992","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":618854,"name":"Dustin Olley","orcid":"0000-0001-8685-0839","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":482467,"name":"Lance Nickel","orcid":"0000-0002-5836-3571","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":482466,"name":"Victor Felix","orcid":"0000-0002-9773-0629","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227448,"name":"Susan M. Bello","orcid":"0000-0003-4606-0597","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":618858,"name":"Carol L. Greene","orcid":"0000-0001-8219-8767","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":619820,"name":"Richard Lichenstein","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":618856,"name":"Katharine Bisordi","orcid":"0000-0001-7380-4817","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1027994,"name":"Rima Koka","orcid":"0000-0002-0457-8489","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":389963,"name":"Cynthia F. Bearer","orcid":"0000-0003-4809-2250","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1442688,"name":"Regina A. Macatangay","orcid":"0000-0002-3868-3287","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1098519,"name":"Nischal Ada","orcid":"0000-0001-6913-9957","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1443158,"name":"Kaitlin Ballenger","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":978923,"name":"Emily Bliss","orcid":"0000-0002-2754-4556","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1443159,"name":"Lauren Colliver","orcid":null,"position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1443160,"name":"Grace Dobbins","orcid":null,"position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1443161,"name":"Harrison Heitzig","orcid":null,"position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1443162,"name":"Shannan Dixon","orcid":null,"position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1443163,"name":"Patrick Semesky","orcid":null,"position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1443164,"name":"Jennifer Garth","orcid":null,"position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1443165,"name":"Matthew Fairchild","orcid":null,"position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1443166,"name":"Peter Gaskin","orcid":null,"position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1443167,"name":"Sarina Zahid","orcid":null,"position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1073505,"name":"Rachel Castillo","orcid":null,"position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1442689,"name":"Sarah Edwards","orcid":"0000-0001-8966-5065","position":26,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1443168,"name":"Astrid Widjaja","orcid":null,"position":27,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1443169,"name":"Yamei Usui","orcid":null,"position":28,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1045597,"name":"Erin Lynch","orcid":"0000-0002-6949-8965","position":29,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1428160,"name":"Melissa D. Clarkson","orcid":"0000-0001-9979-176X","position":30,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1443170,"name":"Todd Detwiler","orcid":null,"position":31,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":19861,"name":"Lynn M. Schriml","orcid":"0000-0001-8910-9851","position":32,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":618855,"name":"J. Allen Baron","orcid":"0000-0002-0593-3569","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":23,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:54:03.053965Z","pmid":"41296549","pmcid":"PMC12807653","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":44.4444,"fair_a":75.0,"fair_i":100.0,"fair_r":100.0,"fair_zscore":1.6051,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":75.0,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":44.44,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Our monthly releases are also provided via Zenodo (e.g. August 2025: https://zenodo.org/records/16996094).","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper provides a URL to a Zenodo record, which is a web address rather than a persistent identifier string from a PID scheme; no DOI or Handle is explicitly quoted. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"Our monthly releases are also provided via Zenodo","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper names Zenodo, a data repository, as the holder of the data [majority verdict 'yes' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"All data and code produced for this work is made available under the Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0) license. Data files and code are available from the project’s GitHub repository (https://github.com/DiseaseOntology/) and DO_translation_es repository. Our monthly releases are also provided via Zenodo (e.g. August 2025: https://zenodo.org/records/16996094).","grounded":false,"rationale":"The Data Availability statement points to a repository record (Zenodo) with a persistent link, fitting Colavizza category 3. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li","Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"the DO has expanded to include 11 946 disease classes, 9640 with textual definitions (80.7%)—an increase of 579 disease terms [607 new terms, 3 unobsoleted (a previously obsolete term is updated to active status), and 31 obsoleted disease terms] (August 2025 release, v2025-08-29).","grounded":true,"rationale":"The dataset's extent is described in running prose, not in an itemised inventory, table, or section dedicated to data records. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F2-01M — 'Rich metadata is provided to allow discovery' (priority Essential)","FsF-F2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes descriptive core elements to support data findability'","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","label":"Dataset formally cited","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Our monthly releases are also provided via Zenodo (e.g. August 2025: https://zenodo.org/records/16996094).","grounded":false,"rationale":"The dataset identifier appears in the body text of the Data Availability section, not as a reference-list entry. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FORCE11 Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (2014) — data should be cited as a first-","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes","FsF-F3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes the identifier of the data it describes'"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":75.0,"criteria":[{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","label":"Access route free of preconditions","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"All data and code produced for this work is made available under the Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0) license","grounded":true,"rationale":"The data are offered under a CC0 license with no stated precondition (no embargo, registration, or request needed). [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-A1.1-01D — 'Data is accessible through a free access protocol'","FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Free and Easy Access'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","label":"Access level labelled","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"All data and code produced for this work is made available under the Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0) license","grounded":true,"rationale":"The text states a license (CC0) but does not use an explicit access-level label like 'open access' or 'publicly available'; the license implies open access but is not a direct label. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","RDA-A1-01M — metadata contains information to enable the user to get access to the data","COAR Controlled Vocabularies — Access Rights v1.0 (open / embargoed / restricted / metadata-onl"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The data are not sensitive human-subject data, and no gatekeeper is named; the data are openly available.","anchors":["NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy (NOT-OD-14-124) — controlled-access via a Data Access Committee","RDA-A1.2-01D — 'Data is accessible through an access protocol that supports authentication and ","NIH DMS Policy Element 5 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Access, Distribution, or Reuse Considerations (conse"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","label":"Availability timing & retention","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"Project development is driven to deliver the preservation and long-term availability of FAIR and TRUST-worthy disease knowledge","grounded":true,"rationale":"The text explicitly commits to long-term preservation, fulfilling a persistence commitment. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["NIH DMS Plan Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Data Preservation, Access, and Associated Timelines","NSTC Desirable Characteristics (2022), Organizational Infrastructure: 'Retention Policy'","RDA-A2-01M — 'Metadata is guaranteed to remain available after data is no longer available'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":100.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","label":"Open file format","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"OWL files are in RDF/XML.","grounded":true,"rationale":"RDF/XML is an open, community-standard format; OWL is also a W3C standard.","anchors":["FsF-R1.3-02D — F-UJI: 'Data is available in a file format recommended by the target research co","RDA-R1.3-02D — data is expressed in a machine-understandable community standard","RDA-I1-01D — data uses a knowledge representation expressed in a standardised format"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System) vocabulary match designations","grounded":true,"rationale":"SKOS is a W3C standard registered in FAIRsharing, applied to the data's cross-reference mappings. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1.3-01M — 'Metadata complies with a community standard' (priority Essential)","RDA-R1.3-01D — 'Data complies with a community standard'","RDA-I2-01M — '(Meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"i_qualified_references","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"For example, glioma susceptibility 1 (MIM:137800) 'contributes to condition' some 'high grade glioma' (DOID:3070).","grounded":true,"rationale":"MIM:137800 is an identifier for a resource (OMIM) other than the paper's own dataset. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-I3-01M — '(meta)data include references to other (meta)data'","RDA-I3-03M — 'metadata includes qualified references to other metadata'","FsF-I3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes links between the data and its related entities'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":100.0,"criteria":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","label":"Reuse licence","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0) license","grounded":true,"rationale":"CC0 is an open standard license from the SPDX/open-definition list. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1.1-01M — 'Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reu","RDA-R1.1-02M — 'Metadata refers to a standard reuse licence'","RDA-R1.1-03M — 'Metadata refers to a machine-understandable reuse licence'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","label":"Provenance of the data","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"ROBOT, a well-established ontology-development automation software","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper names a specific tool (ROBOT) used to produce the ontology data. [majority verdict 'yes' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1.2-01M — 'Metadata includes provenance information according to community- specific standa","FsF-R1.2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes provenance information about data creation or generati","W3C PROV-O (W3C Recommendation, 2013) — the entity/activity/agent model of provenance"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","label":"Documentation / codebook","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"README-translation.md","grounded":true,"rationale":"A README file is named as accompanying the data in the GitHub repository, defining the files and variables. [majority verdict 'yes' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1-01M — '(Meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attribu","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'","NIH DMS Policy Element 3 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Standards (documentation and metadata to accompany t"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_versioning","label":"Snapshot identified","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"the DO has expanded to include 11 946 disease classes, 9640 with textual definitions (80.7%)—an increase of 579 disease terms [607 new terms, 3 unobsoleted (a previously obsolete term is updated to active status), and 31 obsoleted disease terms] (August 2025 release, v2025-08-29).","grounded":true,"rationale":"A version token (v2025-08-29) is provided for the data release. [majority verdict 'yes' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — the 'Version' property","RDA-R1.2-01M — provenance information (which version was used is provenance)","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Provenance', 'Retention Policy'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_code_availability","label":"Analysis code available","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"https://github.com/DiseaseOntology/","grounded":true,"rationale":"A machine-resolvable code repository URL is provided for the study's own software. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["NIH DMS Policy Element 2 (NOT-OD-21-014) — 'Related Tools, Software and/or Code'","FAIR4RS Principles v1.0 (Chue Hong et al., 2022; RDA/FORCE11/ReSA) — FAIR Principles for Resear","FORCE11 Software Citation Principles (Smith, Katz & Niemeyer, 2016, PeerJ CS 2:e86)"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_funding_attribution","label":"Funder and award number","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"National Institutes of Health – National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) [1U24HG012557-01]","grounded":true,"rationale":"An award/grant number (1U24HG012557-01) is provided with the funder name.","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","dimension":"F","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","action":"Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For genomics / sequencing data, deposit in GEO (GSE accession), SRA (SRP/SRR) or ENA/BioProject (PRJEB/PRJNA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Our monthly releases are also provided via Zenodo (e.g. August 2025: https://zenodo.org/records/16996094).","why":"The paper provides a URL to a Zenodo record, which is a web address rather than a persistent identifier string from a PID scheme; no DOI or Handle is explicitly quoted. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","dimension":"F","label":"Dataset formally cited","action":"Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the genomics / sequencing repository accession (e.g. from GEO (GSE accession), SRA (SRP/SRR) or ENA/BioProject (PRJEB/PRJNA)) in the reference list.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Our monthly releases are also provided via Zenodo (e.g. August 2025: https://zenodo.org/records/16996094).","why":"The dataset identifier appears in the body text of the Data Availability section, not as a reference-list entry. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","dimension":"F","label":"Data-availability statement","action":"Replace the statement with the repository template: name the repository and give the accession or DOI (Colavizza category 3). This is the only DAS class associated with a measured citation advantage; 'available on reasonable request' and 'within the article' are not.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"All data and code produced for this work is made available under the Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0) license. Data files and code are available from the project’s GitHub repository (https://github.com/DiseaseOntology/) and DO_translation_es repository. Our monthly releases are also provided via Zenodo (e.g. August 2025: https://zenodo.org/records/16996094).","why":"The Data Availability statement points to a repository record (Zenodo) with a persistent link, fitting Colavizza category 3. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","dimension":"F","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","action":"Add a 'Data Records' section: itemise every file in the deposit and every variable or sample it holds, with counts and units. Describe the dataset as an object in its own right, not as a by-product of the findings — this is what makes it discoverable to someone who is not looking for your paper.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"the DO has expanded to include 11 946 disease classes, 9640 with textual definitions (80.7%)—an increase of 579 disease terms [607 new terms, 3 unobsoleted (a previously obsolete term is updated to active status), and 31 obsoleted disease terms] (August 2025 release, v2025-08-29).","why":"The dataset's extent is described in running prose, not in an itemised inventory, table, or section dedicated to data records. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","dimension":"A","label":"Access level labelled","action":"State the access level in words, using the standard vocabulary: 'These data are open access' / 'These data are controlled access'. A reader — and a harvester — should not have to infer the access level from the presence of a download link.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"All data and code produced for this work is made available under the Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0) license","why":"The text states a license (CC0) but does not use an explicit access-level label like 'open access' or 'publicly available'; the license implies open access but is not a direct label. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","dimension":"A","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","action":"Route sensitive data through an institutional gatekeeper — deposit in a controlled- access repository (dbGaP, EGA) with a Data Access Committee and a published DUA — rather than through the corresponding author's inbox. An author-gated dataset dies with the author's email address, and 'on reasonable request' has been shown repeatedly not to yield data. For sensitive/human genomics / sequencing data, use a controlled-access repository such as dbGaP or EGA.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The data are not sensitive human-subject data, and no gatekeeper is named; the data are openly available.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For genomics / sequencing data, deposit in GEO (GSE accession), SRA (SRP/SRR) or ENA/BioProject (PRJEB/PRJNA).","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the genomics / sequencing repository accession (e.g. from GEO (GSE accession), SRA (SRP/SRR) or ENA/BioProject (PRJEB/PRJNA)) in the reference list.","Replace the statement with the repository template: name the repository and give the accession or DOI (Colavizza category 3). This is the only DAS class associated with a measured citation advantage; 'available on reasonable request' and 'within the article' are not.","Add a 'Data Records' section: itemise every file in the deposit and every variable or sample it holds, with counts and units. Describe the dataset as an object in its own right, not as a by-product of the findings — this is what makes it discoverable to someone who is not looking for your paper.","State the access level in words, using the standard vocabulary: 'These data are open access' / 'These data are controlled access'. A reader — and a harvester — should not have to infer the access level from the presence of a download link."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"epmc_xml"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"epmc_xml","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T13:40:23.522340Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}