{"doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmaf017","title":"Effects of Part D Senior Savings Model on healthcare costs among the Medicare population","abstract":"Objectives: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services tested the Part D Senior Savings Model (the 'PDSS Model') from 2021 to 2023, capping insulin cost-sharing at $35/month for Medicare beneficiaries in participating plans. The objective of the study was to assess the PDSS Model's effects on various categories of healthcare costs. Methods: This study analysed the US Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2020-2021). Study outcomes included costs for insulin, all medications, health services, and overall healthcare. Costs were calculated from patient (out-of-pocket) and healthcare sector perspectives. A difference-in-differences approach was implemented using generalized linear regression to compare cost changes from 2020 to 2021 between Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older and near-elderly non-Medicare individuals with private insurance. Key findings: Compared to non-Medicare patients, Medicare beneficiaries in general experienced higher reductions in out-of-pocket costs over time: 29% for insulin (cost ratio [CR] = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.56-0.90), 66% for health services (CR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.26-0.44), and 49% for overall healthcare (CR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.34-0.77). For total costs, Medicare beneficiaries had a 41% smaller increase in insulin costs (CR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.39-0.90) and a 42% smaller increase in medication costs (CR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.46-0.74). Medicare beneficiaries experienced a 73% greater increase in total health service costs (CR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.09-2.77). Conclusions: The PDSS Model was generally associated with reduced out-of-pocket insulin and other out-of-pocket healthcare costs among Medicare beneficiaries, highlighting the value of cost-saving models.","journal":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","year":2025,"id":546982,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8324,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":667567,"name":"Xiangjun Zhang","orcid":"0000-0001-6682-2590","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1439015,"name":"Ashley Ellis","orcid":"0009-0002-4384-0707","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":432613,"name":"Junling Wang","orcid":"0000-0003-3929-6227","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":432608,"name":"Chi Chun Steve Tsang","orcid":"0000-0002-9748-0666","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":35,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:53:36.567932Z","pmid":"40979671","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}