{"doi":"10.1093/jpepsy/jsac031","title":"Measuring PROMIS® Social Relationships in Early Childhood","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Apply the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) mixed-methods approach to develop and validate new parent-report measures of young children's (1-5 years) family and peer relationships that conceptually align to those for 5-17 year olds. METHODS: Expert input, parent interviews, and reviews of theoretical and empirical literature were used to develop draft item pools, which were administered in two waves of panel surveys (N = 1,750). Psychometric evaluation was conducted using item response theory-based methods. Scores were normed to the general U.S. population. Initial validation analyses were conducted using Pearson's correlations and analysis of variance to examine known-group differences between children with various health conditions. RESULTS: Experts and parents confirmed the content validity of existing PROMIS family and peer relationships domain frameworks and suggested adding child-caregiver interactions and empathic behaviors, respectively. Bi-factor model analysis supported sufficient unidimensionality where family and peer relationships were modeled as distinct subdomains of a broader concept, Social Relationships. The new measure was robust in discriminating young children with poor social relationships. Correlational and known-group analyses revealed positive associations with general health and well-being and negative associations with emotional and physical distress. CONCLUSIONS: The PROMIS Early Childhood Parent-Report Social Relationships item bank enables clinicians and researchers a brief, efficient, and precise way to evaluate early relational health. Subdomain short forms also offer the ability to assess specific components (i.e., child-caregiver, family, and peer) for more targeted interventions and analyses.","journal":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology","year":2022,"id":267915,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6215,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":381534,"name":"Jin‐Shei Lai","orcid":"0000-0003-1840-2537","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":905170,"name":"Michael E. Kallen","orcid":"0000-0002-0470-7922","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355421,"name":"Katherine B. Bevans","orcid":"0000-0003-0145-7945","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":518066,"name":"Matthew M. Davis","orcid":"0000-0002-6370-641X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275837,"name":"Lauren S. Wakschlag","orcid":"0000-0001-9511-2299","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232516,"name":"David Cella","orcid":"0000-0002-9881-4541","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":325316,"name":"Courtney K. Blackwell","orcid":"0000-0003-0934-0207","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":55,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:27:06.198948Z","pmid":"35552428","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}