{"doi":"10.1093/jpepsy/jsab026","title":"COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scales: Factor Structure and Initial Psychometrics","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: In response to the rapidly unfolding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in spring 2020, we developed a caregiver-report measure to understand the extent to which children and families were exposed to events related to COVID-19 and their perceptions of its impact. This article reports on the factor structure and psychometric properties of this measure. METHODS: The COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scales (CEFIS) were developed by a multidisciplinary, multi-institutional team using a rapid iterative process. Data from 1805 caregivers recruited from 28 programs at 15 institutions across the United States were collected from May-September 2020. We examined the underlying structure of the CEFIS using exploratory factor analyses and its internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). RESULTS: Participants reported a range of COVID-19-related events (M = 8.71 events of 25). On the bidirectional 4-point impact scale, mean scores were mostly above the midpoint, indicating a slightly negative impact. Cronbach's alpha was excellent for Exposure (α = .80) and Impact (α = .92). Factor analysis identified six factors for Exposure (COVID-19 experiences, Access to essentials, Disruptions to living conditions, Loss of income, Family caregiving and activities, and Designation as an essential worker). There were three factors for Impact (Personal well-being, Family interactions, and Distress). DISCUSSION: The CEFIS has strong factors assessing Exposure to events related to COVID-19, and the Impact of these events on families of children in pediatric healthcare. These initial validation data support use of the CEFIS for measuring the effect of the pandemic.","journal":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology","year":2021,"id":148586,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":123,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.876,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":632278,"name":"Melissa A. Alderfer","orcid":"0000-0002-0508-1693","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":484593,"name":"Paul T. Enlow","orcid":"0000-0003-2665-198X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":633510,"name":"Amanda M. Lewis","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":502588,"name":"Gabriela Vega","orcid":"0000-0002-3487-5505","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":375724,"name":"Lamia P. Barakat","orcid":"0000-0002-0938-4712","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":632279,"name":"Nancy Kassam‐Adams","orcid":"0000-0001-7412-1428","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":490416,"name":"Ahna L. H. Pai","orcid":"0000-0002-5958-4157","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":473952,"name":"Kimberly S. Canter","orcid":"0000-0003-0811-4961","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":632280,"name":"Aimee K. Hildenbrand","orcid":"0000-0003-0147-3232","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":382780,"name":"Glynnis A. McDonnell","orcid":"0000-0002-2710-4390","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":632281,"name":"Julia Price","orcid":"0000-0003-2231-6594","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":632282,"name":"Corinna L. Schultz","orcid":"0000-0001-7620-1819","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":572831,"name":"Erica Sood","orcid":"0000-0001-8817-4213","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":632283,"name":"Thao-Ly T. Phan","orcid":"0000-0003-4616-6869","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":317121,"name":"Anne E. Kazak","orcid":"0000-0003-0553-0855","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":11,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:42:46.224799Z","pmid":"33749794","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}