{"doi":"10.1093/jn/nxac201","title":"Herbs and Spices Modulate Gut Bacterial Composition in Adults at Risk for CVD: Results of a Prespecified Exploratory Analysis from a Randomized, Crossover, Controlled-Feeding Study","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Herbs and spices are rich in polyphenolic compounds that may influence gut bacterial composition. The effect of culinary doses of herbs and spices consumed as part of a well-defined dietary pattern on gut bacterial composition has not been previously studied. OBJECTIVES: [low-, moderate-, and high-spice diets, respectively (LSD, MSD, and HSD)] in adults at risk for CVD. METHODS: ; waist circumference: 102.8 ± 7.1 cm) were included in this 3-period, randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding study. Each diet was provided for 4 wk with a minimum 2-wk washout period. At baseline and the end of each diet period, participants provided a fecal sample for 16S rRNA gene (V4 region) sequencing. QIIME2 was used for data filtration, sequence clustering, taxonomy assignment, and statistical analysis. RESULTS: α-diversity assessed by the observed features metric ( P = 0.046) was significantly greater following the MSD as compared with the LSD; no other between-diet differences in α-diversity were detected. Differences in β-diversity were not observed between the diets ( P = 0.45). Compared with baseline, β-diversity differed following all diets ( P < .02). Enrichment of the Ruminococcaceae family was observed following the HSD as compared with the MSD (relative abundance = 22.14%, linear discriminant analysis = 4.22, P = 0.03) and the LSD (relative abundance = 24.90%, linear discriminant analysis = 4.47, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of herbs and spices to an average American diet induced shifts in gut bacterial composition after 4 wk in adults at risk for CVD. The metabolic implications of these changes merit further investigation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03064932.","journal":"Journal of Nutrition","year":2022,"id":260145,"datarank":0.767365316312619,"base_score":2.833213344056216,"endowment":2.833213344056216,"self_citation_contribution":0.42498200160843247,"citation_network_contribution":0.3423833147041865,"self_endowment_contribution":0.42498200160843247,"citer_contribution":0.3423833147041865,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":16,"citer_count":15,"citers_with_citation_signal":12,"citers_with_endowment":12,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9555,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"ClinicalTrials.gov":["NCT03064932"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":827065,"name":"Samantha Anderson","orcid":"0000-0001-6001-1957","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":367003,"name":"Jeremy R. Chen See","orcid":"0000-0003-1057-2857","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":913917,"name":"Jillian Leister","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233815,"name":"Penny M. Kris‐Etherton","orcid":"0000-0001-6012-4900","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":367005,"name":"Regina Lamendella","orcid":"0000-0002-0952-1326","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233816,"name":"Kristina Petersen","orcid":"0000-0003-3914-0353","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":34,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:26:03.189798Z","pmid":"36774112","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}