{"doi":"10.1093/jeea/jvy047","title":"Can Bureaucrats Really Be Paid Like Ceos? Substitution Between Incentives and Resources Among School Administrators in China.","abstract":"Unlike performance incentives for private sector managers, little is known about performance incentives for managers in public sector bureaucracies. Through a randomized trial in rural China, we study performance incentives rewarding school administrators for reducing student anemia-as well as complementarity between incentives and orthogonally assigned discretionary resources. Large (but not small) incentives and unrestricted grants both reduced anemia, but incentives were more cost-effective. Although unrestricted grants and small incentives do not interact, grants fully crowd-out the effect of larger incentives. Our findings suggest that performance incentives can be effective in bureaucratic environments, but they are not complementary to discretionary resources.","journal":"Journal of the European Economic Association","year":2020,"id":109184,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9493,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":521857,"name":"Grant Miller","orcid":"0000-0003-3191-2558","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":521858,"name":"Scott Rozelle","orcid":"0000-0001-5053-0243","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":307071,"name":"Sean Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-9508-247X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":521859,"name":"Marcos Vera‐Hernández","orcid":"0000-0003-4128-8883","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":521856,"name":"Renfu Luo","orcid":"0000-0002-1318-4449","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":100,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:12:50.712357Z","pmid":"32161517","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}