{"doi":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooaf152","title":"Advanced artificial intelligence vs simpler models for 1-year death prediction among patients receiving hemodialysis","abstract":"Objectives: We evaluated the data requirement for modern AI tools to outperform simpler models in predicting short-term mortality in over 500 000 patients with hemodialysis-dependent kidney failure. Materials and Methods: We compared logistic regression, boosting, and transformers using increasingly complex feature sets (from last-visit data to full trajectories). Performance was measured using the area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC) and the Precision-Recall curve (AUC-PR) across training data sizes ranging from 500 to 490 197 samples. Results: Using features with temporal information is beneficial across all models. On the full dataset, Transformers (AUC-ROC = 0.8568) and boosting (AUC-ROC = 0.8598) perform similarly. Discussion: Transformers require large datasets to outperform simpler models like boosting, limiting their usefulness in smaller datasets, even on datasets as big as 500K. Conclusion: Modern AI tools require substantial data to justify their computational cost over simpler approaches. However, a more complex feature set seems to be beneficial across all models.","journal":"JAMIA Open","year":2025,"id":587977,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.948,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1504300,"name":"Jennifer E Flythe","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":432207,"name":"Patrick H. Pun","orcid":"0000-0002-9896-8292","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1504301,"name":"W. C. Winkelmayer","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":493912,"name":"David Carlson","orcid":"0000-0003-1005-6385","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1504299,"name":"Karthikeyan K","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":14,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:59:43.096742Z","pmid":"41873434","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}