{"doi":"10.1093/jamia/ocae143","title":"Promoting interoperability between SNOMED CT and ICD-11: lessons learned from the pilot project mapping between SNOMED CT and the ICD-11 Foundation","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and challenges of mapping between SNOMED CT and the ICD-11 Foundation in both directions, SNOMED International and the World Health Organization conducted a pilot mapping project between September 2021 and August 2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Phase 1 mapped ICD-11 Foundation entities from the endocrine diseases chapter, excluding malignant neoplasms, to SNOMED CT. In phase 2, SNOMED CT concepts equivalent to those covered by the ICD-11 entities in phase 1 were mapped to the ICD-11 Foundation. The goal was to identify equivalence between an ICD-11 Foundation entity and a SNOMED CT concept. Postcoordination was used for mapping to ICD-11. Each map was done twice independently, the results were compared, and discrepancies were reconciled. RESULTS: In phase 1, 59% of 637 ICD-11 Foundation entities had an exact match in SNOMED CT. In phase 2, 32% of 1893 SNOMED CT concepts had an exact match in the ICD-11 Foundation, and postcoordination added 15% of exact match. Challenges encountered included non-synonymous synonyms, mismatch in granularity, composite conditions, and residual categories. CONCLUSION: This pilot project shed light on the tremendous amount of effort required to create a map between the 2 coding systems and uncovered some common challenges. Future collaborative work between SNOMED International and WHO will likely benefit from its findings. It is recommended that the 2 organizations should clarify goals and use cases of mapping, provide adequate resources, set up a road map, and reconsider their original proposal of incorporating SNOMED CT into the ICD-11 Foundation ontology.","journal":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","year":2024,"id":434120,"datarank":0.6883579589455077,"base_score":2.639057329615259,"endowment":2.639057329615259,"self_citation_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citation_network_contribution":0.29249935950321876,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citer_contribution":0.29249935950321876,"corpus_percentile":70.95227044171115,"corpus_rank":3756,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":12,"citers_with_citation_signal":5,"citers_with_endowment":5,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7363,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":287814,"name":"Julia Xu","orcid":"0000-0003-4147-8388","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1240809,"name":"Hazel Brear","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1240810,"name":"Alana Lane","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1240271,"name":"Maggie Lau","orcid":"0000-0002-9030-7430","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1240811,"name":"Austen Wong","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1240812,"name":"Arabella D’Havé","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":287813,"name":"Kin Wah Fung","orcid":"0000-0003-0593-5377","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":18,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:59:53.957667Z","pmid":"38867279","pmcid":"PMC11258399","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}