{"doi":"10.1093/jamia/ocac105","title":"HL7 FHIR-based tools and initiatives to support clinical research: a scoping review","abstract":"OBJECTIVES: The HL7® fast healthcare interoperability resources (FHIR®) specification has emerged as the leading interoperability standard for the exchange of healthcare data. We conducted a scoping review to identify trends and gaps in the use of FHIR for clinical research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed published literature, federally funded project databases, application websites, and other sources to discover FHIR-based papers, projects, and tools (collectively, \"FHIR projects\") available to support clinical research activities. RESULTS: Our search identified 203 different FHIR projects applicable to clinical research. Most were associated with preparations to conduct research, such as data mapping to and from FHIR formats (n = 66, 32.5%) and managing ontologies with FHIR (n = 30, 14.8%), or post-study data activities, such as sharing data using repositories or registries (n = 24, 11.8%), general research data sharing (n = 23, 11.3%), and management of genomic data (n = 21, 10.3%). With the exception of phenotyping (n = 19, 9.4%), fewer FHIR-based projects focused on needs within the clinical research process itself. DISCUSSION: Funding and usage of FHIR-enabled solutions for research are expanding, but most projects appear focused on establishing data pipelines and linking clinical systems such as electronic health records, patient-facing data systems, and registries, possibly due to the relative newness of FHIR and the incentives for FHIR integration in health information systems. Fewer FHIR projects were associated with research-only activities. CONCLUSION: The FHIR standard is becoming an essential component of the clinical research enterprise. To develop FHIR's full potential for clinical research, funding and operational stakeholders should address gaps in FHIR-based research tools and methods.","journal":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","year":2022,"id":234673,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":93,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8193,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":363561,"name":"Nan Kennedy","orcid":"0000-0003-1935-2973","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":515690,"name":"Douglas Conway","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":482276,"name":"Alex Cheng","orcid":"0000-0002-1787-691X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":722134,"name":"Viet Nguyen","orcid":"0000-0003-3173-0738","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":438486,"name":"Teresa Zayas‐Cabán","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":64981,"name":"Paul A. Harris","orcid":"0000-0002-1744-2011","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":64991,"name":"Stephany N. Duda","orcid":"0000-0001-6247-9350","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":193,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:21:42.662304Z","pmid":"35818340","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}