{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf306","title":"Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases: Back to the Future","abstract":"In the late 1930s, the introduction of sulfonamide represented the dawn of antibiotics [1].Coupled with public health initiatives, the development of effective vaccines and antibiotics led to a dramatic decrease in the cause of death due to infectious diseases in Americans from 53% in 1900 to 2% in 2010 [2].These successes led multiple medical leaders in the 1970s and 1980s to believe that the fight against infectious diseases was on the verge of victory [3,4].Today, we know these predictions have not aged well.Clinicians deal with formidable challenges from the microbial world that contribute to human health: antibiotic resistance, emergence of pathogens with pandemic potential, and changing ecosystems.Yet there is hope for the future.In their compelling review, physician-scientists Drs.Tatara and Kontoyiannis, partnering with bioengineer Dr. Mikos, provide a path forward by harnessing the immune system to effect novel approaches to cure infectious diseases [5].At the same time, the field of infectious diseases recognizes that a sole focus on microbial pathogenesis only provides limited insight into pathogenicity.Instead, we appreciate that disease manifestation and outcome result from interacting with a microorganism and human host.Through advances of modern medicine, we have a growing population of immunocompromised persons whose susceptibility to infection differs significantly from others.Also, an overexuberant immune response (e.g., sepsis) resulting in significant host damage triggered by infection can lead to suboptimal clinical outcomes.The damage-response framework of","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2025,"id":553056,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9534,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":284649,"name":"Jatin M. Vyas","orcid":"0000-0002-9985-9565","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":20,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:54:37.527189Z","pmid":"40470539","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}