{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf248","title":"Estimating Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Using Linked Public Health Information Systems, California, 2023–2024 Season","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Mandatory public health reporting of influenza laboratory results and vaccine doses administered in the state of California can provide estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE). METHODS: We analyzed linked influenza immunization registry and laboratory reporting data among California residents aged ≥6 months tested for influenza during the 2023-2024 influenza season (October 2023 to June 2024). Individually linked laboratory reporting included influenza molecular or viral culture test result. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) contrasted odds of documented 2023-2024 vaccination among persons with influenza-positive tests versus persons with negative influenza tests. VE was calculated as (1 - adjusted OR) × 100 using logistic regression, adjusting for patient age, race, ethnicity, week of specimen collection, and county of residence. RESULTS: Among 1 382 142 laboratory reports, 129 253 persons (9%) had a positive influenza test result, of whom 415 390 (30%) had documented influenza vaccination ≥ 14 days before test date. VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza was 41% (95% CI, 40%-42%). VE was 32% (95% CI, 31%-33%) against influenza A, 68% (95% CI, 66%-69%) against influenza B, and 26% (95% CI, 24%-29%) among adults aged ≥ 65 years. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccination was associated with prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Results demonstrated the feasibility of assessing seasonal influenza VE using linked immunization and laboratory data from public health surveillance systems.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2025,"id":518355,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5905,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1256178,"name":"Joshua Quint","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1128554,"name":"Tomás M. León","orcid":"0000-0002-7633-677X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1164349,"name":"Monica Sun","orcid":"0000-0001-9260-1038","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1385773,"name":"Nancy J. Li","orcid":"0000-0001-8533-7304","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1386246,"name":"Cynthia Yen","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105978,"name":"Mark W. Tenforde","orcid":"0000-0002-8702-8393","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":242317,"name":"Brendan Flannery","orcid":"0000-0001-5041-308X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":804167,"name":"Seema Jain","orcid":"0000-0002-5450-0292","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1155482,"name":"Robert Schechter","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1217618,"name":"Cora Hoover","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1132473,"name":"Erin L. Murray","orcid":"0000-0002-6674-4868","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1363330,"name":"Sophie Zhu","orcid":"0000-0002-8694-4058","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":24,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:49:09.679930Z","pmid":"40359401","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}