{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf185","title":"Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B-Associated Hospitalizations, United States, 1 September 2023 to 31 May 2024","abstract":"BACKGROUND: The 2023-2024 influenza season included sustained elevated activity from December 2023 to February 2024 and continued activity through May 2024. Influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B viruses circulated during the season. METHODS: During 1 September 2023 to 31 May 2024, a multistate sentinel surveillance network of 24 medical centers in 20 US states enrolled adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized with acute respiratory illness. Consistent with a test-negative design, cases tested positive for influenza viruses by molecular or antigen test, and controls tested negative for influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza-associated hospitalization was calculated as (1 - adjusted odds ratio for vaccination) × 100%. RESULTS: Among 7690 patients, including 1170 influenza cases (33% vaccinated) and 6520 controls, VE was 40% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31%-48%) with varying estimates by age: 18-49 years, 53% (95% CI, 34%-67%); 50-64 years, 47% (95% CI, 31%-60%); ≥ 65 years, 31% (95% CI, 16%-43%). Protection was similar among immunocompetent patients (40%; 95% CI, 30%-49%) and immunocompromised patients (32%; 95% CI, 7%-50%). VE was statistically significant against influenza B (67%; 95% CI, 35%-84%) and A(H1N1) (36%; 95% CI, 21%-48%) and crossed the null against A(H3N2) (19%; 95% CI, -8% to 39%). VE was higher for patients 14-60 days from vaccination (54%; 95% CI, 40%-65%) than >120 days (18%; 95% CI, -1% to 33%). CONCLUSIONS: During 2023-2024, influenza vaccination reduced the risk of influenza A(H1N1)- and influenza B-associated hospitalizations among adults; effectiveness was lower in patients vaccinated >120 days prior to illness onset compared with those vaccinated 14-60 days prior.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2025,"id":518194,"datarank":0.4193054824001622,"base_score":2.0794415416798357,"endowment":2.0794415416798357,"self_citation_contribution":0.31191623125197543,"citation_network_contribution":0.10738925114818676,"self_endowment_contribution":0.31191623125197543,"citer_contribution":0.10738925114818676,"corpus_percentile":55.74379206312369,"corpus_rank":5722,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":7,"citers_with_citation_signal":4,"citers_with_endowment":4,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5494,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1040059,"name":"Elizabeth Harker","orcid":"0000-0003-2010-4379","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1386101,"name":"Seana Cleary","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105909,"name":"Yuwei Zhu","orcid":"0000-0001-9849-1634","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105907,"name":"Carlos G. 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