{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf049","title":"Bacterial Vaginosis Is Associated With Transcriptomic Changes but Not Higher Concentrations of Cervical Leukocytes in a Study of Women at High Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquisition","abstract":"BACKGROUND: The association between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and increased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition risk may be related to concentrations of HIV-susceptible immune cells in the cervix. METHODS: Participants (31 with BV and 30 with normal microbiota) underwent cervical biopsy at a single visit. Immune cells were quantified and sorted using flow cytometry (n = 55), localization assessed by immunofluorescence (n = 16), and function determined by bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of live CD45+ cells (n = 21). RESULTS: Linear regression analyses demonstrated no differences in mean log2 (cells/mg tissue) between women with BV versus normal microbiota for antigen-presenting cell (APC) subtypes linked to HIV risk (including CD1a+HLA-DR+ Langerhans cells, CD11c+CD14+ dendritic cells [DCs], and CD11c+HLA-DR+ DCs) and CD4+ T cells. Women with BV had a higher median proportion of CD11c+HLA-DR+ APCs (out of total cells) in cervical epithelium (0.1% vs 0.0%; P = .03 using Mann-Whitney test). RNA-seq identified 1032 differentially expressed genes (adjusted P < .05) in CD45+ cells between women with BV versus normal microbiota. Women with BV demonstrated downregulation of pathways linked to translation, metabolism, cell stress, and immune signaling. CONCLUSIONS: BV alters immune cell localization and function; future studies are needed to address how these changes may mediate HIV acquisition risk.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2025,"id":538611,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8161,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1425532,"name":"Salwa Sadoon Mustafa","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":525641,"name":"Aparajita Saha","orcid":"0000-0002-5014-6687","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":907630,"name":"Brenda Oyaro","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":383112,"name":"Tina L. Fiedler","orcid":"0000-0002-5661-1199","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2814,"name":"Melissa A. Krueger","orcid":"0000-0002-6276-3463","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":301923,"name":"Esther Fuchs","orcid":"0000-0002-2940-8910","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":750777,"name":"Marianne Mureithi","orcid":"0000-0001-9119-3167","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":172062,"name":"Kishor Mandaliya","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":344986,"name":"Walter Jaoko","orcid":"0000-0002-7134-6581","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":407491,"name":"Barbra A. Richardson","orcid":"0000-0001-9564-1828","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":91938,"name":"Sina A. Gharib","orcid":"0000-0002-2480-4367","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":282875,"name":"David N. Fredricks","orcid":"0000-0003-2735-6800","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":585627,"name":"Javeed A. Shah","orcid":"0000-0002-2997-7988","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":172063,"name":"R. Scott McClelland","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1005679,"name":"Michelle C. Sabo","orcid":"0000-0002-5058-3166","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":43,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:52:21.389196Z","pmid":"39874304","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}