{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae301","title":"Kinetics and Durability of Antibody and T-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Children","abstract":"BACKGROUND: The kinetics and durability of T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in children are not well characterized. We studied a cohort of children aged 6 months to 20 years with COVID-19 in whom peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sera were archived at approximately 1, 6, and 12 months after symptom onset. METHODS: We compared antibody responses (n = 85) and T-cell responses (n = 30) to nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) glycoprotein over time across 4 age strata: 6 months to 5 years and 5-9, 10-14, and 15-20 years. RESULTS: N-specific antibody responses declined over time, becoming undetectable in 26 (81%) of 32 children by approximately 1 year postinfection. Functional breadth of anti-N CD4+ T-cell responses also declined over time and were positively correlated with N-antibody responses (Pearson r = .31, P = .008). CD4+ T-cell responses to S displayed greater functional breadth than N in unvaccinated children and, with neutralization titers, were stable over time and similar across age strata. Functional profiles of CD4+ T-cell responses against S were not significantly modulated by vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Our data reveal durable age-independent T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in children over time following COVID-19 infection as well as S-antibody responses in comparison with declining antibody responses to N.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2024,"id":471166,"datarank":0.16479184330021646,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8863,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":554428,"name":"Lauren E. Gentles","orcid":"0000-0002-2532-412X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":984593,"name":"Leanne Kehoe","orcid":"0009-0005-4940-4246","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233056,"name":"Amanda Adler","orcid":"0000-0002-2797-3385","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233062,"name":"Kirsten Lacombe","orcid":"0000-0003-0299-9447","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":302297,"name":"Jane A. Dickerson","orcid":"0000-0003-0033-2892","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108342,"name":"Alexander L. Greninger","orcid":"0000-0002-7443-0527","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":438109,"name":"Alpana Waghmare","orcid":"0000-0003-2268-9470","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1305741,"name":"Tarayn Fairlie","orcid":"0000-0001-9954-7185","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":984594,"name":"Kimberly Pringle","orcid":"0000-0002-8927-8724","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":857631,"name":"Claire M. Midgley","orcid":"0000-0001-5196-4713","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1072047,"name":"Melissa Briggs Hagen","orcid":"0000-0001-7359-9665","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233069,"name":"Janet A. Englund","orcid":"0000-0003-1134-4178","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":377302,"name":"Chetan Seshadri","orcid":"0000-0003-2783-7540","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":928958,"name":"Megan Files","orcid":"0000-0002-5064-0490","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":44,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:05:44.736405Z","pmid":"38838218","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}