{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae179","title":"What Is the Economic Benefit of Annual COVID-19 Vaccination From the Adult Individual Perspective?","abstract":"BACKGROUND: With coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination no longer mandated by many businesses/organizations, it is now up to individuals to decide whether to get any new boosters/updated vaccines going forward. METHODS: We developed a Markov model representing the potential clinical/economic outcomes from an individual perspective in the United States of getting versus not getting an annual COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS: For an 18-49 year old, getting vaccinated at its current price ($60) can save the individual on average $30-$603 if the individual is uninsured and $4-$437 if the individual has private insurance, as long as the starting vaccine efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is ≥50% and the weekly risk of getting infected is ≥0.2%, corresponding to an individual interacting with 9 other people in a day under Winter 2023-2024 Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant conditions with an average infection prevalence of 10%. For a 50-64 year old, these cost-savings increase to $111-$1278 and $119-$1706 for someone without and with insurance, respectively. The risk threshold increases to ≥0.4% (interacting with 19 people/day), when the individual has 13.4% preexisting protection against infection (eg, vaccinated 9 months earlier). CONCLUSIONS: There is both clinical and economic incentive for the individual to continue to get vaccinated against COVID-19 each year.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2024,"id":454349,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9568,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":231471,"name":"Kelly J. O’Shea","orcid":"0000-0003-4957-5975","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":961116,"name":"Colleen Weatherwax","orcid":"0000-0001-5929-518X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":231474,"name":"Ulrich Strych","orcid":"0000-0001-9455-7683","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1233080,"name":"Kavya Velmurugan","orcid":"0009-0001-8183-7464","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1233581,"name":"Danielle C. John","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":231472,"name":"María Elena Bottazzi","orcid":"0000-0002-8429-0476","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":749384,"name":"Mustafa Hussein","orcid":"0000-0002-7364-5796","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":849796,"name":"Marie F. Martinez","orcid":"0000-0002-8725-1894","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":957862,"name":"Kevin L. Chin","orcid":"0000-0001-8715-7016","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1233079,"name":"Allan Ciciriello","orcid":"0000-0002-4733-1216","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1161344,"name":"Jessie Heneghan","orcid":"0009-0007-5274-9864","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1241630,"name":"Alexis Dibbs","orcid":"0009-0001-5871-6023","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":957863,"name":"Sheryl A. Scannell","orcid":"0000-0003-2784-6279","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":42798,"name":"Peter J. Hotez","orcid":"0000-0001-8770-1042","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":231476,"name":"Bruce Y. Lee","orcid":"0000-0003-2633-8651","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":231470,"name":"Sarah M. Bartsch","orcid":"0000-0002-0523-4717","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":37,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:03:07.923686Z","pmid":"38581432","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}