{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiad357","title":"Who Gets Sick From COVID-19? Sociodemographic Correlates of Severe Adult Health Outcomes During Alpha- and Delta-Variant Predominant Periods: September 2020–November 2021","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Because COVID-19 case data do not capture most SARS-CoV-2 infections, the actual risk of severe disease and death per infection is unknown. Integrating sociodemographic data into analysis can show consequential health disparities. METHODS: Data were merged from September 2020 to November 2021 from 6 national surveillance systems in matched geographic areas and analyzed to estimate numbers of COVID-19-associated cases, emergency department visits, and deaths per 100 000 infections. Relative risks of outcomes per infection were compared by sociodemographic factors in a data set including 1490 counties from 50 states and the District of Columbia, covering 71% of the US population. RESULTS: Per infection with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality were higher among non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native persons, non-Hispanic Black persons, and Hispanic or Latino persons vs non-Hispanic White persons; males vs females; older people vs younger; residents in more socially vulnerable counties vs less; those in large central metro areas vs rural; and people in the South vs the Northeast. DISCUSSION: Meaningful disparities in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality per infection were associated with sociodemography and geography. Addressing these disparities could have helped prevent the loss of tens of thousands of lives.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2023,"id":359721,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5708,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1111214,"name":"Dane F. Freeman","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1111215,"name":"Austin Himschoot","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253845,"name":"Kristie E.N. Clarke","orcid":"0000-0003-0544-3612","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":378899,"name":"Miriam E. Van Dyke","orcid":"0000-0003-4417-4929","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":239078,"name":"Jennifer Adjemian","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":616670,"name":"Farida Ahmad","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":985471,"name":"Tina J. Benoit","orcid":"0000-0002-7645-5699","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1111216,"name":"Kevin Berney","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":449651,"name":"Adi V. Gundlapalli","orcid":"0000-0002-7423-7903","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":291908,"name":"Aron J. Hall","orcid":"0000-0001-7250-1013","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":619232,"name":"Fiona P. Havers","orcid":"0000-0001-9873-6195","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":218362,"name":"S. Jane Henley","orcid":"0000-0002-2420-306X","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1111217,"name":"Charity Hilton","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1111218,"name":"Dylan Johns","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1076666,"name":"Jean D. Opsomer","orcid":"0000-0002-9508-5021","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":802086,"name":"Thị Thu Hương Phạm","orcid":"0000-0001-9731-2390","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1110676,"name":"Matthew J. Stuckey","orcid":"0000-0003-4839-7265","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331373,"name":"Christopher A. Taylor","orcid":"0000-0002-0937-5461","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":272227,"name":"Jefferson M. Jones","orcid":"0000-0003-4974-9058","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1110675,"name":"Stanley C. Wei","orcid":"0000-0002-4933-7398","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":36,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:13:57.361401Z","pmid":"37615368","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}