{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac492","title":"Antibody Avidity Maturation Following Recovery From Infection or the Booster Vaccination Grants Breadth of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Capacity","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Cross-neutralizing capacity of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants is important in mitigating (re-)exposures. Role of antibody maturation, the process whereby selection of higher affinity antibodies augments host immunity, to determine SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing capacity was investigated.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Sera from SARS-CoV-2 convalescents at 2, 6, or 10 months postrecovery, and BNT162b2 vaccine recipients at 3 or 25 weeks postvaccination, were analyzed. Anti-spike IgG avidity was measured in urea-treated ELISAs. Neutralizing capacity was assessed by surrogate neutralization assays. Fold change between variant and wild-type neutralization inferred the breadth of neutralizing capacity.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Compared with early-convalescent, avidity indices of late-convalescent sera were significantly higher (median, 37.7 [interquartile range 28.4–45.1] vs 64.9 [57.5–71.5], P &amp;lt; .0001). Urea-resistant, high-avidity IgG best predicted neutralizing capacity (Spearman r = 0.49 vs 0.67 [wild-type]; 0.18–0.52 vs 0.48–0.83 [variants]). Higher-avidity convalescent sera better cross-neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants (P &amp;lt; .001 [Alpha]; P &amp;lt; .01 [Delta and Omicron]). Vaccinees only experienced meaningful avidity maturation following the booster dose, exhibiting rather limited cross-neutralizing capacity at week 25.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Avidity maturation was progressive beyond acute recovery from infection, or became apparent after the booster vaccine dose, granting broader anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing capacity. Understanding the maturation kinetics of the 2 building blocks of anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity is crucial.</jats:p></jats:sec>","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2023,"id":597648,"datarank":0.519860385419959,"base_score":3.4657359027997265,"endowment":3.4657359027997265,"self_citation_contribution":0.519860385419959,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.519860385419959,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":31,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1531145,"name":"Katherine Candray","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1230423,"name":"Natsuko Kaku","orcid":"0000-0002-1352-3666","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1531146,"name":"Yuko Komase","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1531147,"name":"Maria-Virginia Rodriguez-Funes","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1531148,"name":"Rhina Dominguez","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1531149,"name":"Tomoya Tsuchida","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1467927,"name":"Hiroyuki Kunishima","orcid":"0000-0003-1992-5866","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1531150,"name":"Etsuko Nagai","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":641891,"name":"Eisuke Adachi","orcid":"0000-0002-1623-873X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":231131,"name":"Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi","orcid":"0000-0002-5886-2004","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1531151,"name":"Mari Yamasue","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1531152,"name":"Kosaku Komiya","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1400098,"name":"Kazufumi Hiramatsu","orcid":"0000-0001-9846-7116","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1531153,"name":"Naoto Uemura","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":112019,"name":"Yuki Sugiura","orcid":"0000-0002-6983-8958","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1531154,"name":"Mayo Yasugi","orcid":null,"position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1531155,"name":"Yuka Yamagishi","orcid":null,"position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1467926,"name":"Hiroshige Mikamo","orcid":"0000-0001-8876-6411","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1531156,"name":"Satoshi Shiraishi","orcid":null,"position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1531157,"name":"Takehiro Izumo","orcid":null,"position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1531158,"name":"Sachie Nakagama","orcid":null,"position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1531159,"name":"Chihiro Watanabe","orcid":null,"position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1531160,"name":"Yuko Nitahara","orcid":null,"position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1531161,"name":"Evariste Tshibangu-Kabamba","orcid":null,"position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1531162,"name":"Hiroshi Kakeya","orcid":null,"position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":325384,"name":"Yasutoshi Kido","orcid":"0000-0003-3615-2631","position":26,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":865350,"name":"Yu Nakagama","orcid":"0000-0001-9780-9719","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Antibody Avidity Maturation Following Recovery From Infection or the Booster Vaccination Grants Breadth of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Capacity","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Cross-neutralizing capacity of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants is important in mitigating (re-)exposures. Role of antibody maturation, the process whereby selection of higher affinity antibodies augments host immunity, to determine SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing capacity was investigated.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Sera from SARS-CoV-2 convalescents at 2, 6, or 10 months postrecovery, and BNT162b2 vaccine recipients at 3 or 25 weeks postvaccination, were analyzed. Anti-spike IgG avidity was measured in urea-treated ELISAs. Neutralizing capacity was assessed by surrogate neutralization assays. Fold change between variant and wild-type neutralization inferred the breadth of neutralizing capacity.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Compared with early-convalescent, avidity indices of late-convalescent sera were significantly higher (median, 37.7 [interquartile range 28.4–45.1] vs 64.9 [57.5–71.5], P &amp;lt; .0001). Urea-resistant, high-avidity IgG best predicted neutralizing capacity (Spearman r = 0.49 vs 0.67 [wild-type]; 0.18–0.52 vs 0.48–0.83 [variants]). Higher-avidity convalescent sera better cross-neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants (P &amp;lt; .001 [Alpha]; P &amp;lt; .01 [Delta and Omicron]). Vaccinees only experienced meaningful avidity maturation following the booster dose, exhibiting rather limited cross-neutralizing capacity at week 25.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Avidity maturation was progressive beyond acute recovery from infection, or became apparent after the booster vaccine dose, granting broader anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing capacity. Understanding the maturation kinetics of the 2 building blocks of anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity is crucial.</jats:p></jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":3.4657359027997265,"endowment":3.4657359027997265,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"36546706","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4312094679","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","grant_id":"JP20jk0110021","title":null},{"funder_name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","grant_id":"JP20wm0125003","title":null},{"funder_name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","grant_id":"JP20he1122001","title":null},{"funder_name":"for the Promotion of Science","grant_id":"21K09078","title":null},{"funder_name":"for the Promotion of Science","grant_id":"22K15927","title":null},{"funder_name":"Osaka Metropolitan University","grant_id":"OCU-SRG2021_YR09","title":null}],"total_grants":6,"fwci":2.8001,"citation_percentile":0.92680982,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2023,"count":9},{"year":2024,"count":14},{"year":2025,"count":6},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"hybrid","license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiac492/48479724/jiac492.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiac492/48479724/jiac492.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-pdf/227/6/780/49675909/jiac492.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac492","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36546706","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10044078","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10044078/pdf/jiac492.pdf","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches","Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research"],"mesh_terms":["COVID-19","SARS-CoV-2","BNT162 Vaccine","COVID-19 Serotherapy","Antibodies, Viral","Antibody Affinity","Humans","Immunoglobulin G","Urea","Vaccination","Antibodies, Neutralizing","Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus"],"keywords":["Avidity","Neutralization","Neutralizing antibody","Antibody","Virology","Vaccination","Medicine","Immunology","Booster dose","Immunoglobulin G","Immunity","Immune system","Titer"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-28T13:50:49.479071Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}