{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac301","title":"Increased Macrophage-Specific Arterial Infiltration Relates to Noncalcified Plaque and Systemic Immune Activation in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Persistent immune activation is thought to contribute to heightened atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). METHODS: Participants (≥18 years) with or without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and without history of clinical ASCVD were enrolled. We hypothesized that increased macrophage-specific arterial infiltration would relate to plaque composition and systemic immune activation among PWH. We applied a novel targeted molecular imaging approach (technetium-99m [99mTc]-tilmanocept single photon emission computed tomography [SPECT]/CT) and comprehensive immune phenotyping. RESULTS: Aortic 99mTc-tilmanocept uptake was significantly higher among PWH (n = 20) than participants without HIV (n = 10) with similar 10-year ASCVD risk (P = .02). Among PWH, but not among participants without HIV, noncalcified aortic plaque volume related directly to aortic 99mTc-tilmanocept uptake at different uptake thresholds. An interaction (P = .001) was seen between HIV status and noncalcified plaque volume, but not calcified plaque (P = .83). Systemic levels of caspase-1 (P = .004), CD14-CD16+ (nonclassical/patrolling/homing) monocytes (P = .0004) and CD8+ T cells (P = .005) related positively and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio (P = .02) inversely to aortic 99mTc-tilmanocept uptake volume. CONCLUSIONS: Macrophage-specific arterial infiltration was higher among PWH and related to noncalcified aortic plaque volume only among PWH. Key systemic markers of immune activation relating to macrophage-specific arterial infiltration may contribute to heightened ASCVD risk among PWH. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT02542371.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2022,"id":261128,"datarank":0.4590970825775679,"base_score":2.772588722239781,"endowment":2.772588722239781,"self_citation_contribution":0.41588830833596724,"citation_network_contribution":0.04320877424160067,"self_endowment_contribution":0.41588830833596724,"citer_contribution":0.04320877424160067,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":15,"citer_count":9,"citers_with_citation_signal":5,"citers_with_endowment":5,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9633,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"ClinicalTrials.gov":["NCT02542371"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":427092,"name":"Moses Q. Wilks","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":760202,"name":"Sandeep Hedgire","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":282485,"name":"Michael T. Lu","orcid":"0000-0003-4696-9610","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":446488,"name":"Madeline Cetlin","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":761382,"name":"Melissa Wang","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":308019,"name":"Iad Alhallak","orcid":"0000-0001-9200-9587","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":915337,"name":"Claudia G. Durbin","orcid":"0000-0002-2835-0112","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":915338,"name":"Kevin S. White","orcid":"0000-0002-5231-6045","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":785868,"name":"Zoey K. Wallis","orcid":"0000-0003-0257-3198","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":489207,"name":"Samuel R Schnittman","orcid":"0000-0002-9692-4405","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270863,"name":"Takara L. Stanley","orcid":"0000-0002-2336-2958","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":727962,"name":"Georges El‐Fakhri","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270867,"name":"Hang Lee","orcid":"0000-0002-3498-236X","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":450782,"name":"Patrick Autissier","orcid":"0000-0002-3088-4201","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":381595,"name":"Markella V. Zanni","orcid":"0000-0002-4711-3956","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":450785,"name":"Kenneth C. Williams","orcid":"0000-0002-6394-539X","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":12007,"name":"Steven Grinspoon","orcid":"0000-0002-6338-000X","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":396973,"name":"Mabel Toribio","orcid":"0000-0002-4153-5568","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":53,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:26:12.158801Z","pmid":"35856671","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}